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KNUTSFORD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE KCOM 105 INTRODUCTION TO CS ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN CS Topics in IT o Introduction to IT o IT concepts and systems o Tools of the professional and getting the most from IT o Computer Networks o The impact of the social web o Ethics, Legality and Privacy o Cloud Computing o Data collection, storage and governance o Networking in the age of internet of things o Security o Trends and review Description This subject aims to provide you with the foundation knowledge of contemporary Information Technology areas, software, applications and job skills required to enter the IT market. A major component of the subject is the practical application of the knowledge gained from the theoretical content. The material covers a broad range of introductory information technology concepts. What is technology? It is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes and outcomes, especially in industry. It is machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge. It is the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences. Technology is the skills, methods, and processes used to achieve goals. Produce goods or services. Carry out goals, such as scientific investigation or sending a spaceship to the moon.
Solve problems, such as disease or famine, corruption, lateness to work, efficiency and effectiveness of work, etc…etc… It is science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. Types of Technology Mechanical. Electronic. Industrial and manufacturing. Medical. Communications. What are the emerging Technologies? Computing Power. Computing power has already established its place in the digital era, with almost every device and appliance being computerized. ... Smarter Devices. ... Datafication. ... Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning. ... Extended Reality. ... Digital Trust. ... 3D Printing. ... Genomics. https://www.simplilearn.com/top-technology-trends-and-jobs-article What is Computer Science? Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems. This includes their theory, design, development, and application. Computer scientists deal mostly with software and software systems; Computer science combines the principles of engineering, mathematics and science to study and develop computers, networks, hardware, software, databases and much more. Because of that, there is a wide range of potential careers within the field, from software engineering to computer programming or system analysis
What is an Information system? An Information system ( IS ) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information for an objective An information system is described as having five components. Computer hardware. This is the physical technology that works with information. ... Computer software. The hardware needs to know what to do, and that is the role of software. ... Telecommunications. ... Databases and data warehouses. ... Protocols and Human resources and procedures. Difference between Information Technology (IT) and Computer Science (CS) At a glance, IT ( information technology ) careers are more about installing, maintaining, and improving computer systems, operating networks, and databases. Meanwhile, computer science is about using mathematics to program systems to run more efficiently, including in design and development. To the layperson, computer science and information technology may seem like the same thing. In actuality, three fields are typically associated with the study of computers at the college level. Computer engineering, information technology and computer science are all disciplines within the same realm of study Computer science focuses on the efficient development of applications, the next level and product of IT. On the other hand, Information Technology is more devoted to figuring out how to use those applications for solving business/social problems. Evolution of Computers and IT
Computers and IT exist as Hardware and software: The Hardware are the parts that can be seen and touched and the software, are step by step instructions that enable the computer to do what it has to do with the user. Computers started as Mathematical and Engineering (Analog) Machines/tools. Modern computers started with Charles Babbage's Difference Engine in 1822, were entirely hardware -based and were programmed with switches and wires. The development of transistor technology and then the integrated circuit chip led to a series of breakthroughs, causing digital computers to largely replace analog computers. Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration (LSI) then enabled semiconductor memory and the microprocessor, leading to another key breakthrough, the miniaturized personal computer (PC), in the 1970s. The cost of computers gradually became so low that personal computers by the 1990s, and then mobile computers (smartphones and tablets) in the 2000s, became ubiquitous/Omnipresent or universally available. Computer Technology was first used on a large scale by the US Army. An early commercial use was the 1965 SDS 92. IBM first used ICs in computers for the logic of the System/360 Model 85 shipped in 1969 and then made extensive use of ICs in its System/370 which began shipment in
- Computers/IT became popular and hence available when introduced into business by IBM They existed first as analogue mainframes and later, as mini-computers as smaller size for easy transportation for the user https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id= Hardware Year
- Super Computer
- Mainframes
- Minicomputers
- Microcomputers
- Laptops
COMPONENTS/ PARTS OF A COMPUTER /PC/IT
PARTS OF A LAPTOP COMPUTER
STORAGE DEVICES
Computer data Storage system Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). A medium-sized novel contains about 1 MB of information. 1 MB is 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes. Similarly, one 1 GB is 1,024 MB, or 1,073,741,824 (1024x1024x1024) bytes COMPUTER ROM Read-Only Memory ( ROM ), is a type of electronic storage that comes built in to a device during manufacturing. Non-volatile means data/information that its contents cannot be changed and it retains its memory after the computer is turned off. You'll find ROM chips in computers and many other types of electronic products; VCRs, game consoles, and car radios all use ROM to complete their functions smoothly. ROM contains the BIOS which is the firmware for the motherboard. The BIOS contains the bootstrap – the program which takes the computer through steps that lead up to the loading of the operating system (OS). ... After the boot, the OS controls the CPU and supplies the programs to run CLOUD COMPUTING AS A DATA STORAGE SYSTEM Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage and computing power, without direct active management by the user. The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet. Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet. These resources include tools and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. ... As long as an electronic device has access to the web, it has access to the data and the software programs to run it. A simple definition of cloud computing involves delivering different types of services over the Internet.
The word "cloud" is a euphemism for the world “out there” full of the computer files and folders, often refers to as the Internet, which more precisely means a datacenter full of servers connected to the Internet performing a service. However, the term "cloud computing" refers to the software and services that have enabled the Internet to become so prominent in everyday life Here is a list of my top 10 cloud service providers in the World: Microsoft Azure. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Google Cloud. Alibaba Cloud. IBM Cloud. Oracle. Salesforce. SAP. Find out the top 10 Cloud computing hosts in Ghana How is data stored on Computers/IT systems? Data is stored on the hard disk in the binary form of 0 and 1. ... Hard disk stores information in the form of magnetic fields. Data is stored digitally in the form of tiny magnetized regions on the platter/dish where each region represents a bit
Central Processing Centre (CPU) The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program. ... Single-core CPU. It is the oldest type of CPU which is available and employed in most of the personal and official computers. ... Dual-core CPU. It is a single CPU that comprises of two strong cores and functions like dual CPU acting like one. ... Quad-core CPU. ... Hexa Core processors. ... Octa-core processors. ... Deca-core processor Common CPU components control unit (CU) arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) registers. cache. buses. clock. The Five types of Processors are: The Five General-purpose processors are, Microcontroller, Microprocessor, Embedded Processor , DSP and Media Processor. Digital signal processing ( DSP ) is the use of digital processing , such as by computers or more specialized digital signal processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The tools for data processing are: Database. A database is a basic tool used to process information and to manage and store data efficiently. ... Server. Servers are computer systems in networks. ... Search Engine. ... Accounting Information Systems. ... Enterprise Systems. ... Geographic Information Systems. How is data processed in Computers?
Data processing , Manipulation of data by a computer. It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on data can be included under data processing. The four main stages of data processing cycle are: Data collection/ Data input. Data processing. Data output. Data Storage ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING METHODS There are several ways in which a computer, under the influences of an operating system is designed to process data. Examples of processing modes are:
- online processing
- real time processing
- distributed processing
- Time sharing
- Batch processing
- multiprocessing
- multitasking
- interactive processing
- Online processing In online data processing data is processed immediately it is received. The computer is connected directly to the data input unit via a communication link. The data input may be a network terminal or online input devices attached to the computer.
- Real-time processing
development. Computer scientists study the machine itself and understand how and why various computer processes operate the way they do. work with executives and business owners to construct a technology plan that will meet their business needs. computer scientists can talk to computers. The field is based in mathematics language of computers. Computer scientists understand why computers work and can create a program or operating system that does what you want it to do. IT students will study network and database design in depth, and receive an introduction to basic theory and applied mathematics. Successful IT candidates will possess strong critical thinking skills; IT professionals are tasked with resourcefully and cost- effectively applying the tools at their disposal.
