Introduction To Computing, Study notes of Introduction to Computing

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Page 1

COSC 101

Lecture Slides Lecture Slides

Introduction to

Computing

Introduction to

Computing

Page 2

Objectives Objectives

 Introduction to ICT

 Understand the terminology and uses of Information Technology

 Computer Components

 Understand the functions of various computer hardware and

peripheral

 Computer Input Devices

 Recognize different types of Input devices and what they can be

used for

 Computer Output Devices

 Recognize different types of output devices and what they can

be used for

 Computer Sound Input and Output Devices

 Recognize different types of sound input devices and output

devices and what they can be used for

 Storage Components

 Know the terminology relating to storage components

 Types of Storage

 Understand the different types of storage and their specific uses

and capacities

 Operating Systems

 Know the basic features and terminology of Operating Systems

 Introduction to ICT

 Understand the terminology and uses of Information Technology

 Computer Components

 Understand the functions of various computer hardware and

peripheral

 Computer Input Devices

 Recognize different types of Input devices and what they can be

used for

 Computer Output Devices

 Recognize different types of output devices and what they can

be used for

 Computer Sound Input and Output Devices

 Recognize different types of sound input devices and output

devices and what they can be used for

 Storage Components

 Know the terminology relating to storage components

 Types of Storage

 Understand the different types of storage and their specific uses

and capacities

 Operating Systems

 Know the basic features and terminology of Operating Systems

Page 4

Introduction to ICT Introduction to ICT

What is Information Technology (IT)?

 An Information Technology (IT) system processes, stores, and/or

transfers (communicates) information

 Information can take many different forms such as text,

numbers, pictures, sound, video, and multimedia

 To transfer information, IT systems use computers,

telecommunications networks, and other electronic devices

 Because of the importance of communications in IT, the term

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is often

preferred to IT

 Since IT involves many different and often highly specialized

areas, it is often seen as a very daunting subject

 However, the basis of ICT is simply to help us to improve the way

we deal with information in all areas of our lives

What is ICT used for?

 ICT is used in business, academia, industry, government, heath

care, etc.

What is Information Technology (IT)?

 An Information Technology (IT) system processes, stores, and/or

transfers (communicates) information

 Information can take many different forms such as text,

numbers, pictures, sound, video, and multimedia

 To transfer information, IT systems use computers,

telecommunications networks, and other electronic devices

 Because of the importance of communications in IT, the term

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is often

preferred to IT

 Since IT involves many different and often highly specialized

areas, it is often seen as a very daunting subject

 However, the basis of ICT is simply to help us to improve the way

we deal with information in all areas of our lives

What is ICT used for?

 ICT is used in business, academia, industry, government, heath

care, etc.

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Introduction to ICT (2) Introduction to ICT (2)

 Computers enable us to process information and perform

specific tasks much more quickly than we could do

ourselves

 ICT systems are very flexible and can be made to perform

a variety of different tasks

 ICT networks (e.g., Internet) allow us to distribute and

share information quickly, and over a very long distance

 Many developments in IT are designed to make our lives

easier

 But people expectations of what they (and others) can

achieve are often leading to unrealistic demands being

placed on people and the technology around them

 We live in an " Information Society “

 The effective use of information is regarded as the

defining element of the 20

th

• 21

st centuries, as

important as the industrial revolution before it

 Computers enable us to process information and perform

specific tasks much more quickly than we could do

ourselves

 ICT systems are very flexible and can be made to perform

a variety of different tasks

 ICT networks (e.g., Internet) allow us to distribute and

share information quickly, and over a very long distance

 Many developments in IT are designed to make our lives

easier

 But people expectations of what they (and others) can

achieve are often leading to unrealistic demands being

placed on people and the technology around them

 We live in an " Information Society “

 The effective use of information is regarded as the

defining element of the 20

th

• 21

st

centuries, as

important as the industrial revolution before it

Page 7

Hardware Components (1) Hardware Components (1)

Hardware represents the physical and tangible

components of the computer, i.e., the components

that can be seen and touched. Examples of

Hardware are following:

Input devices -- keyboard, mouse, touchscreens,

etc.

Output devices -- Printer, Monitor/VDU, Speakers

etc.

Secondary Storage devices -- Hard disk, CD,

Hardware represents the physical and tangible

components of the computer, i.e., the components

that can be seen and touched. Examples of

Hardware are following:

Input devices -- keyboard, mouse, touchscreens,

etc.

Output devices -- Printer, Monitor/VDU, Speakers

etc.

Secondary Storage devices -- Hard disk, CD,

Page 8

Computer Components (1) Computer Components (1)

 The main components used to build a personal computer

and other types of microcomputers are:

 I nternal Components

 that is, they are located inside the computer case.

 The computer case is often times referred to as the

system unit.

 External Components

 Some are connected externally, using ports

 A port is a kind of plug, usually located at the back

of the computer

 Components located outside the computer's case are

referred to as peripheral devices

 Because they use components, PCs are customizable.

 The main components used to build a personal computer

and other types of microcomputers are:

 I nternal Components

 that is, they are located inside the computer case.

 The computer case is often times referred to as the

system unit.

 External Components

 Some are connected externally, using ports

 A port is a kind of plug, usually located at the back

of the computer

 Components located outside the computer's case are

referred to as peripheral devices

 Because they use components, PCs are customizable.

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Computer Components (3) Computer Components (3)

 The Motherboard

 A motherboard (or

system board) Is a large

printed circuit board with

connections for all the

other components in the

computer

 The motherboard allows

the components to

exchange data

 It also houses the power

supply

 The type of motherboard

determines the types of

CPU, memory, and hard

disk and other peripherals

that can be installed in the

 The Motherboard

 A motherboard (or

system board) Is a large

printed circuit board with

connections for all the

other components in the

computer

 The motherboard allows

the components to

exchange data

 It also houses the power

supply

 The type of motherboard

determines the types of

CPU, memory, and hard

disk and other peripherals

that can be installed in the

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Computer Components (4) Computer Components (4)

The System Case

The motherboard (and other

internal components) is housed

within a protective case, usually

made of metal and plastic and often

referred to as the "box."

The design of the case can

affect how many expansion

cards and components can

be added to the computer

Some cases are designed

to be easy to open and

access to make maintenance

of the computer simpler

The System Case

The motherboard (and other

internal components) is housed

within a protective case, usually

made of metal and plastic and often

referred to as the "box."

The design of the case can

affect how many expansion

cards and components can

be added to the computer

Some cases are designed

to be easy to open and

access to make maintenance

of the computer simpler

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Computer Devices (2) Computer Devices (2)

Page 14

Computer Devices (3) Computer Devices (3)

However, in many modern designs, some ports

(notably USB and Fire wire connectors) may be

provided on the front of the case, far easy access

On a portable or laptop computer, ports are usually

located at the back and sides of the case

Ports used to connect the newest generation of USB

memory devices are often referred to as slots

Ports and connecting cables are always one of two

genders: male connectors have pins; female

connectors have holes.

There are many different types of port, each requiring

a different type of connector

Input Device

An input device is any device that is used to supply

information to a computer

A few examples at input devices are given below.

However, in many modern designs, some ports

(notably USB and Fire wire connectors) may be

provided on the front of the case, far easy access

On a portable or laptop computer, ports are usually

located at the back and sides of the case

Ports used to connect the newest generation of USB

memory devices are often referred to as slots

Ports and connecting cables are always one of two

genders: male connectors have pins; female

connectors have holes.

There are many different types of port, each requiring

a different type of connector

Input Device

An input device is any device that is used to supply

information to a computer

A few examples at input devices are given below.

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Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit

The CPU handles the processing operation of the

Computer. It manipulates data to process or transform

it into information. It functions like the brain of the

Computer.

The CPU handles the processing operation of the

Computer. It manipulates data to process or transform

it into information. It functions like the brain of the

Computer.

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Output DevicesOutput Devices Output DevicesOutput Devices

Output devices are components used to produced

processed data and information in a form usable by

people/end users.

Output devices are components used to produced

processed data and information in a form usable by

people/end users.

• Thermal Printers
• Dot-Matrix Printers.
• Ink Jet Printers
• LaserJet Printers
• Multi Functional

Printers

PRINTERS

FLAT PANEL DISPLAY

CRT MONITOR SPEAKER

PLOTTER

Page 19

Keyboard (2) Keyboard (2)

• Typing (alphanumeric) keys:^ These keys include the letters,

numbers, punctuations, and symbol keys that we use mostly in

our daily life.

• Control keys: These keys are used alone or in combination

with other keys to perform certain actions. The most frequently

used control keys are Ctrl , Alt , the Windows logo key , and

Esc.

• Function keys:^ The function keys are used to perform specific

tasks. They are labeled as F1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The

functionality of these keys differs from program to program.

• Navigation keys: These keys are used for navigate in a long

window pane such as documents or webpages and editing text.

They include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page

Down, Delete, and Insert.

• Numeric keypad:^ The numeric keypad is handy for entering

numbers quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like

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Keyboard (3) Keyboard (3)

KEY

NAME

HOW TO USE IT

SHIFT Press Shift in combination with a letter to type an

uppercase letter. Press Shift in combination with

another key to type the symbol shown on the upper

part of that key.

CAPS LOCK Press Caps Lock once to type all letters as

uppercase. Press Caps Lock again to turn this

function off. Your keyboard might have a light

indicating whether Caps Lock is on.

TAB Press Tab to move the cursor several spaces forward.

You can also press Tab to move to the next text box

on a form.

ENTER Press Enter to move the cursor to the beginning of

the next line. In a dialog box, press Enter to select

the highlighted button.

SPACE BAR Press the Spacebar to move the cursor one space

forward.