Introduction to Computing-Computer Architecture and Programming-Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Architecture and Organization

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• Introduction to Computing Lecture

Introduction to Computers

Hardware^ Central ProcessingUnit (CPU)^ Input devices

Storage Output Devices

Central Processing Unit (CPU) ^ interprets computer program instructions andprocesses data. ^ Two typical components of a CPU are:^ ^ Arithmetic logic unit (ALU),

which performs arithmetic and logical operations.  Control unit (CU):^ directs the entire computer system tocarry out or execute program.

Input and Output Devices

Software ^ Drives the hardware and performs specifictasks ^ Created using a programming language(such as C++, Java, etc..) ^ Two categories:^ SystemSoftware

ApplicationSoftware

Software

Application^ ApplicationSystem Software^ Hardware

Programming Languages ^ What is a program?^ ^ A set of instructions a computer follows in orderto perform a task.^ ^ A programming language is a special languageused to write computer programs. ^ Low Level Languages^ ^ Machine Language^ ^ Assembly Language ^ High-Level Languages

What can computers understand? ^ Computers, however, do not have the luxuryof an extensive alphabet! ^ Why?^ ^ Information communicated and processed withdigital electric signals^ ^ A signal can be on or off only

What can computer understand ^ Therefore, a computer has only two symbolsin its alphabet:1 (on) and 0 (off) ^ This alphabet is known as

binary,^ and each symbol is called a

bit

Introduction to ComputerScience

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUTCOMPUTER SCIENCE^ ^ 1) A programming course – Learn the“language of the year” be it Java, C++, C#,Python, Visual Basic, etc.^ ^ Problems with this approach:^ ^ Students come to believe computer science isthe same as programming. It isn’t.^ ^ Programming is to computer science likewriting is to an English major. All computerscientists can program, but they do many otherthings as well.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUTCOMPUTER SCIENCE  3) Learn how to use various types ofsoftware such as word processors,spreadsheets, web designers, etc.  Problems with this approach:^ ^ Most computer scientists view these tasks asbeing in the realm of “computer literacy”, notcomputer science.^ ^ While computer scientists can use these tools,normally they do not take courses covering thesetopics.

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SO, HOW DO WE DEFINE COMPUTERSCIENCE? ^ Computer science is the study of^ algorithms^ including^ ^ 1. Their formal and mathematical properties^ ^ 2. Their hardware realizations^ ^ 3. Their linguistic realizations^ ^ 4. Their applications