Critical midterm Examen
Chap1
Explain the second of the Critical thinking:
Is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and
evaluating information gathered from or generated by observation experience reflection, reasoning or communication
as a guide to belief and action.
Critical thinking skills:
- Analyzing
- Evaluating
- Reasoning
- Solving problems
- Decision making
Three interlinking dimensions of critical thinking
1. Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while recognizing its strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
Paul and Elder Critical Thinking Definition
the art of thinking about thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better.
What are the common decision making biases?
Common decision-making biases are overconfidence bias, anchoring bias, hindsight bias, confirmation bias, and
availability bias. Overconfidence bias is the excessive belief in one's abilities. Anchoring bias relies heavily on one piece
of information, while hindsight bias refers to one's interpretation of past events. Confirmation bias uses new
information to support preexisting beliefs, and availability bias refers to decisions that are made based on the
information most easily available.
What are the types of bias?
There are various types of bias. Unconscious bias is usually unintentional, while conscious bias derives from the rational
mind. Biases can be divided into ability-type biases such as overconfidence and hindsight, as well as information-type
biases which reflect the interpretation of facts.
How do biases affect decision making?
Biases can lead to poor decision-making, as biases inherently bring forth one's prejudices. Cognitive biases can lead one
to overestimate their capabilities, misunderstandings with others, and have incorrect thought processes.
