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Ethical Hacking Essentials: Practical 1 - Setting Up Kali Linux and Windows VM, Study notes of Computer science

Computer science

This practical guide provides step-by-step instructions for setting up a kali linux virtual machine and a windows vm for ethical hacking exercises. It covers essential tasks like installing wireshark, configuring network settings, and exploring basic commands in kali linux. Designed for students learning ethical hacking principles and techniques, offering hands-on experience with essential tools and environments.

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Uploaded on 01/23/2025

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ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1
Practical 1
Objectives: Understand the skills and knowledge required for an Ethical Hacker
Set up Kali Linux
Set up Windows VM
Install Wireshark for Windows
Exercise 1 Explore Security Certifications
1. Go to www.eccouncil.org. Look for information on the Certified Ethical Hacker training.
2. Still in www.eccouncil.org, go to “About EC-Council”. Click on Code of Ethics. Look
through the Code of Ethics expected of Ethical Hackers.
3. Go to www.isc2.org/Certifications/CISSP. Click on “2. Register and Prepare for the
Exam” to see the 8 CISSP Domains covered in the CISSP certification.
Exercise 2 Explore SANS website
1. Go to www.sans.org. Under Resources, click on The Critical Security Controls. Click on
the CIS Critical Security Controls (http://www.cisecurity.org/critical-controls).
These are a recommended set of actions that companies can follow to protect their
networks.
2. Browse through the CIS Controls.
The following are some screenshots extracted from the CIS Controls, for reference.
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ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

Practical 1

Objectives: Understand the skills and knowledge required for an Ethical Hacker Set up Kali Linux Set up Windows VM Install Wireshark for Windows

Exercise 1 Explore Security Certifications

  1. Go to www.eccouncil.org. Look for information on the Certified Ethical Hacker training.
  2. Still in www.eccouncil.org, go to “About EC-Council”. Click on Code of Ethics. Look through the Code of Ethics expected of Ethical Hackers.
  3. Go to www.isc2.org/Certifications/CISSP. Click on “2. Register and Prepare for the Exam” to see the 8 CISSP Domains covered in the CISSP certification.

Exercise 2 Explore SANS website

  1. Go to www.sans.org. Under Resources, click on The Critical Security Controls. Click on the CIS Critical Security Controls (http://www.cisecurity.org/critical-controls). These are a recommended set of actions that companies can follow to protect their networks.
  2. Browse through the CIS Controls. The following are some screenshots extracted from the CIS Controls, for reference.

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

Exercise 3 Career Opportunities

  1. Search for job postings of penetration testers. What are the skills needed? Are professional certifications required?

Exercise 4 Setting up your Kali Linux

In this exercise, you will set up a Kali Linux virtual machine.

  1. Login to the lab desktops.
  2. Create a folder D:\EHD-yourname (eg D:\EHD-johntan). You can keep your EHD files in this folder.
  3. Go to C:\BaseImages. Right-click on the kali-linux-2022.1-vmware-amd64.7z file and choose 7-Zip, Extract files. You can also download the 2.5GB Kali Linux VMware machine from the following URL. Or download the latest version from www.kali.org using BitTorrent which would be faster. https://ichatspedu-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/g/personal/eileen_yeo_ichat_sp_edu_sg1/ EjbFVL-5qklEg7ztMeQYLwIBesbKhHZH-U9YikfgfmhRTQ
  4. Change the folder to where you want to keep your EHD virtual machines (see following diagram).

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

  1. In the VMware, click on Edit menu, and choose Virtual Network Editor.
  2. In the Virtual Network Editor, select the row for NAT. Click DHCP Settings. (see following diagram)
  3. In DHCP Settings, you can change the Default and Max lease time to as long as possible.
  4. Power on the Kali virtual machine. Select “I copied it” when asked,
  5. When the boot menu appears, choose the default first item "Kali GNU Linux" and press Enter.
  6. Login with username “kali” and password “kali”.
  7. Right-click anywhere on the Kali desktop and choose Open Terminal. You are now logged in as a normal user “kali”, who has limited access. In order to do admin tasks like installing new software, you need to use the sudo command.
  8. As user kali, try to run “fdisk -l” to list out partition tables. You will not be successful as this command requires root permission.
  9. Use the sudo command to run the “fdisk -l” command. Enter kali’s password when asked. sudo fdisk -l
  10. This time, the partitions will be listed. You can increase the Default and Max lease time to as long as possible

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1 SCREENSHOT:

Exercise 5 Using Kali Linux

Description : We will now explore more commands and settings on Kali. In Kali

  1. To change the size of the VM screen, click on the Kali icon in the top left corner and choose Settings -> Display.
  2. Choose your desired Screen Resolution. Click Apply.
  3. To find out the Kali Linux version or the Kali Linux kernel version, run the following commands : cat /etc/os-release uname -a
  4. In a terminal, type “ip addr” to view your IP address.
  5. Type “ip route” to see the IP address of the gateway. In this example, the gateway IP is 172.16.108.

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

  1. You can also use the apt command to view the list of all the packages installed on your Kali Linux : apt list --installed
  • ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

Exercise 6 Configuring network settings in Kali Linux

In Kali Linux, Network Manager can be used to manage the network connections. The network interface device eth0, is connected to the Connection “Wired Connection 1”. By default it is using DHCP. Configuring IP settings through the Network Manager GUI:

  1. Click on the Kali icon in the top left corner and choose Settings -> Advanced Network Configuration. (or you can run the command nm-connection-editor)
  2. Under Ethernet, double-click on Wired connection 1.
  3. Click on the IPv4 settings tab.
  4. You can select Automatic (DHCP) or Manual. If you pick Manual, you are setting a static IP address, and need to specify the Address, Netmask and Gateway.
  5. If you are setting a static IP, under DNS, you can specify the DNS Server.
  6. To make any changes take effect, click on the Network icon in the top right corner and choose Disconnect.
  7. Click on the Network icon and choose Wired connection 1 to activate it again.
  8. You can also use the nmcli command (Network Manager Command Line Interface) to deactivate and activate the “Wired connection 1” for the changes to take effect. nmcli connection down "Wired connection 1" nmcli connection up "Wired connection 1" Configuring IP Settings through the Network Manager configuration file
  9. You can also make changes to the IP settings by modifying the config files. To configure “Wired connection 1”, edit the file “/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired connection 1” (remember sudo may be required) and change the section for ipv4 to the following static IP address [ipv4] method=manual Change this to the gateway. An example of setting a static IP address

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1 address1=172.16.108.191/24,172.16.108.

  1. Run the following command to get Network Manager to reload the changes you made to the config file. sudo nmcli connection reload "Wired connection 1"
  2. Down and up the “Wired connection 1”. sudo nmcli connection down "Wired connection 1" sudo nmcli connection up "Wired connection 1"
  3. Use “ip addr” to view the new IP address.
  4. To reset back “Wired connection 1” to use DHCP, edit the file “/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Wired connection 1” and change the section for ipv4 back to “auto” and remove the address and dns lines. [ipv4] method=auto
  5. Reload, down and up “Wired connection 1”. Configuring IP Settings through command line “ip addr”
  6. You can also make changes to the IP settings at the command line. Changes made using “ip addr” at the command line will be lost upon the next restart. To add a new IP address for eth0 at the command line: sudo ip addr add 192.168.6.11/24 dev eth
  7. Run “ip addr show eth0” to view the newly added IP address to the network interface eth0.
  8. To delete the newly added IP address (change to the IP address and subnet mask that you added earlier): sudo ip addr del 192.168.6.11/24 dev eth
  9. To reset back any changes, you can use the nmcli command to deactivate and activate the “Wired connection 1”. nmcli connection down "Wired connection 1" nmcli connection up "Wired connection 1" Change this to the IP address and subnet mask you want to set. Original IP address for eth New IP address added for eth Change this to the IP address and subnet mask you want to set.

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1

  1. In Computer Management, expand Local Users and Groups.
  2. Right-click on Users and choose New User.
  3. Create a new user with username “student” and password “1qwer$#@!” (or you can set another password value).
  4. Uncheck “User must change password at next logon”.
  5. Check “Password never expires”. (Because this is for testing, we set the password to never expire. )
  6. Click Create. Click Close.
  7. Close the Computer Management window. Do not hide extensions for known file types
  8. In Windows Explorer, click on View menu.
  9. Check the boxes for “File name extensions” and “Hidden items”. IP address and Computer Name
  10. In the Cortana search textbox, type “cmd” and select the cmd command (Command Prompt).
  11. In the Command Prompt, type “ipconfig”. Take note of your IP address (under Local Area Connection). (Optional) If you wish to, you can set a static IP for your Win10 VM.
  12. If you want to change your computer name, do the following steps: d. In Windows Explorer, right-click on “This PC” and choose Properties. e. Under Computer name, domain and workgroup settings, click “Change Settings”. f. Click on the Change button. g. Enter the new computer name. Click OK. h. You will be asked to restart your computer. Restart your VM for the new computer name to take effect.

Exercise 9 Install Wireshark for Windows

In Win10 VM

  1. Browse to www.wireshark.org or Brightspace or the Dropbox link (under Topic 1) and

ST2422 Ethical Hacking Essentials Practical 1 download and install Wireshark (64-bit version) with default options.

Exercise 10 Test your Understanding

  1. Do the Ethical Hacker Quiz on Brightspace for General Performance marks. End of Practical