The Human
Course: Human Computer Interaction
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction: Principles, Models, and Usability, Lecture notes of Human-Computer Interaction Design
This document provides a foundational overview of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing on the design and implementation of interactive systems that meet human needs. It defines the core components of the HCI discipline, including the human user, the computer system, and the nature of the interaction itself. You will find detailed explanations of usability goals such as effectiveness, safety, and utility, alongside emotional functional goals like entertainment and motivation. The text explores various interaction models, including the ergonomics of the physical interface and the different styles of interaction like command lines, menus, and natural language. It also addresses the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, incorporating insights from psychology, sociology, and computer science. This resource is a factual guide for students seeking to understand how to reduce the barrier between human intentions and computer execution through thoughtful, user-centered design.
Typology: Lecture notes
2025/2026
1 / 42
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction: Principles, Models, and Usability and more Lecture notes Human-Computer Interaction Design in PDF only on Docsity!
The Human
Course: Human Computer Interaction
the human
- (^) Information i/o …
- (^) visual, auditory, haptic, movement
- (^) Information stored in memory
- (^) sensory, short-term, long-term
- (^) Information processed and applied
- (^) reasoning, problem solving, skill, error
- (^) Emotion influences human capabilities
- (^) Each person is different
The Eye - physical reception
- (^) mechanism for receiving light and
transforming it into electrical energy
- (^) light reflects from objects
- (^) images are focused upside-down on
retina
- (^) retina contains rods for low light vision
and cones for colour vision
- (^) ganglion cells (brain!) detect pattern
and movement
Interpreting the signal
- (^) Size and depth
- (^) visual angle indicates how much of view
object occupies
(relates to size and distance from eye)
- (^) visual acuity is ability to perceive detail (limited)
- (^) familiar objects perceived as constant size (in spite of changes in visual angle when far away)
- (^) cues like overlapping help perception of
size and depth
Interpreting the signal (cont)
- (^) The visual system compensates for:
- (^) movement
- (^) changes in luminance.
- (^) Context is used to resolve ambiguity
- (^) Optical illusions sometimes occur due to
over compensation
Optical Illusions
the Ponzo illusion the Muller Lyer illusion
Hearing
- (^) Provides information about environment: distances, directions, objects etc.
- (^) Physical apparatus:
- (^) outer ear – protects inner and amplifies sound
- (^) middle ear – transmits sound waves as vibrations to inner ear
- (^) inner ear – chemical transmitters are released and cause impulses in auditory nerve
- (^) Sound
- (^) pitch – sound frequency
- (^) loudness – amplitude
- timbre – type or quality
Hearing (cont)
- (^) Humans can hear frequencies from 20Hz to
15kHz
- (^) less accurate distinguishing high frequencies than low.
- (^) Auditory system filters sounds
- (^) can attend to sounds over background noise.
- (^) for example, the cocktail party phenomenon.
Movement
- (^) Time taken to respond to stimulus:
reaction time + movement time
- (^) Movement time dependent on age, fitness etc.
- (^) Reaction time - dependent on stimulus type:
- (^) visual ~ 200ms
- (^) auditory ~ 150 ms
- (^) pain ~ 700ms
- (^) Increasing reaction time decreases accuracy in
the unskilled operator but not in the skilled
operator.
Movement (cont)
- Fitts' Law describes the time taken to hit a
screen target:
Mt = a + b log
2
(D/S + 1)
where: a and b are empirically determined constants Mt is movement time D is Distance S is Size of target
targets as large as possible
distances as small as possible
sensory memory
- (^) Buffers for stimuli received through
senses
- (^) iconic memory: visual stimuli
- (^) echoic memory: aural stimuli
- (^) haptic memory: tactile stimuli
- (^) Examples
- (^) “sparkler” trail
- (^) stereo sound
- (^) Continuously overwritten
Short-term memory (STM)
- (^) Scratch-pad for temporary recall
- (^) rapid access ~ 70ms
- (^) rapid decay ~ 200ms
- (^) limited capacity - 7± 2 chunks
Long-term memory (LTM)
- (^) Repository for all our knowledge
- (^) slow access ~ 1/10 second
- (^) slow decay, if any
- (^) huge or unlimited capacity
- (^) Two types
- (^) episodic – serial memory of events
- (^) semantic – structured memory of facts,concepts, skills semantic LTM derived from episodic LTM
Long-term memory (cont.)
- (^) Semantic memory structure
- (^) provides access to information
- (^) represents relationships between bits of information
- (^) supports inference
- (^) Model: semantic network
- (^) inheritance – child nodes inherit properties of parent nodes
- (^) relationships between bits of information explicit
- (^) supports inference through inheritance