INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET PROGRAMMING, Study notes of Computer Science

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CIT 322: INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET PROGRAMMING

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COURSE

GUIDE

CIT 322

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET PROGRAMMING

Course Team Dr. Ikhu Omoregbe Nicholas

(Course Developer/Writer)- CovenantUniversity, Ogun State Prof. Olayide Abass (Course Editor) - UNILAG Ms. A.A. Afolorunso (Programme Leader)-NOUN Reviewer Maitanmi, Stephen O.Ph.D Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14 /16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos Abuja Office 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-196- All Rights Reserved Printed by For National Open University of Nigeria ii

applying essential programming skills in creating HTML forms, select an appropriate web hosting service, and publish your web pages globally.

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE

This course will provide you with the necessary skills required to design and deploy solutions on the Internet. A number of tools for constructing Web application include Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup language (XML), Cascading Style Sheets, JavaScript, and overview of XML, search engines and tools, and the future web, technologies and development tools have a wide coverage in this course. This course is divided into four modules. Module one lays the background for the entire course. It provides fundamental information on the meaning, origin, architecture and services offered by the Internet. It also explores network models and the protocols that work behind the scene to display Web pages. Module two focuses on Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Tags and attributes, and extensible markup language (XHTML) and HTML5 as some of the most recent and important languages used to construct Web pages. This module concentrates on the syntax and the various HTML tags, elements and attributes used in developing Web page. Some of these include anchor, table, form, image, video, and audio. Module three explores Cascading Style Sheets and JavaScript for formatting text and adding interactivity respectively to Web pages. The module contains some sample codes in JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets that demonstrate their features and capabilities in making Web pages come alive. Module four contains information on overview of XML, search engines and tools, and the future web, technologies and development tools.

COURSE AIMS

The aim of this course is to equip you with the basic skills of studying and understanding Internet programming as well as lay the foundation of iv

CIT 322 COURSE GUIDE the basic knowledge and tools you need to become a proficient Web content developer /administrator. Specifically, this aims to:

• introduce you to the concepts, features and services of the Internet
• explore the architecture for Web applications and the tools for building standard websites
• explore and use various HTML tags for web development
• explore the relevant of XML in web development
• expose you to the techniques for writing Cascading Style Sheet as a standardised way of imposing style on the content of HTML tags
• teach you how to write JavaScript which is used for adding interactivity to static pages
• programming interface for both HTML and XML documents.
• Form validation

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Certain objectives have been set out to ensure that the course achieves its aims. Apart from the general objectives of this course, each unit of this course has set objectives. At the end of this course, you should be able to:

• define and discuss the evolution of the Internet and explain the meaning of Intranet and extranet
• list the devices used to access the Internet and explain the various means of accessing the Internet
• differentiate between statis and dynamic pages
• describe the term “computer network,” discuss the client-server model and describe the Web application architecture
• explain the term “HTML,” write simple HTML codes using popular tags and use Web browsers to display HTML codes
• explain the term “XHTML,” write simple HTML5 codes using popular tags and use Web browsers to display XTML codes • outline how to create, modify, process, view and validate XML document
• write HTML codes to process form information, explain how to use Form action and Methods and discuss and use various form elements v

Module 3 Unit 1 Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Fundamentals Unit 2 Fundamental of JavaScript for dynamic statements Unit 3 Using statements in control JavaScript Unit 4 Event Handlers in JavaScript Module 4 Unit 1 Overview of XML Unit 2 Search Engines and Tools Unit 3 The future Web, Technologies and Development Tools

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

Alex, L. & Mathew, L. (1999). Fundamentals of Information Technology. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd. Andy, S. (1999). Computer Communications, Principles and Business Applications. (2nd ed.). England: McGraw-Hill. Boulton, M. (2009). A Practical Guide to Designing for the Web. United Kingdom: Mark Boulton Design Ltd. Barbara, K. K. & Norman, J. M. (2001). The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective. USA: Mayfield Publishing Company. vii

Barrie, S. &Valda, H.(2004). Programming the Web: An Introduction. USA: McGraw-Hill. Behrouz, A. F. (2003). Data Communications and Networking. (3rded.). International Edition. N.Y, USA: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. Brian, K. W, Stacey, C. S. & Sarah E. H. (1999). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers and Communication. Irwin/McGraw-Hill Deitel, P. J. & Deitel, H.M. (2008). Internet and World Wide Web: How to Program. (4th^ ed.). New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gasston, P. (2013). The Modern Web-Multi-Device Web Development with HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. San Francisco: No Starch Press. Idowu, S.A., Maitanmi, S.O. & Adetunji, O. O. (2020). Introductory to Web Technology and Development. Nigeria: Jamiro Press. June, C. (2003). The Unusually Useful Web Book. USA: New Ride. MacBride, K. (2006). Brilliant Internet for the Over 50s: What you need to know about it. England: Pearson Education Limited. Marc, D. M. & Thomas, C. P. (2003). Web Design Using Macromedia Dreamweaver. USA: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin. Miller, D. (2006). Data Communications and Network. New York: McGraw Hill. Nagpal, D. P. (2006). Web Design Technology, Theory and Technique on the Cutting Edge. New Delhi, India: S. Chand and Company Ltd. Shklar, L. & Rosen, R. (2009). Web Application Architecture, Principles, Protocols and Practices. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Wang, P., & Katila, S. (2003). An Introduction to Web Design and Programming. Brooks/Cole book/ Nolan, H. (2005). Creating a Web Page in Dreamweaver. USA: Peachpit Press, Berkeley. Weverka, P. (2001). Instant Web Pages. USA: Sybex Inc. Raymond, G. & Ellen, H. (2001). In-Line/On-Line Fundamentals of the Internet and World Wide Web. USA: McGraw-Hill Learning Centre. viii

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PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

The presentation schedule included in your course materials gives you the important dates for the completion of tutor marked assignments and attending tutorials. Remember, you are required to submit all your assignments by the due date. You should guard against lagging behind in your work.

TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

There are 14 tutor-marked assignments in this course. You will be assessed on four of them but the best three performances from the TMAs will be used for your 30 per cent grading. Assignment questions for the units in this course are contained in the Assignment File. You should be able to complete your assignments from the information and materials contained in your set textbooks, reading and study units. However, you may wish to use other references to broaden your viewpoint and provide a deeper understanding of the subject. When you have completed each assignment, send it together with form to your tutor. Make sure that each assignment reaches your tutor on or before the deadline given.

EXAMINATION AND GRADING

The final examination for the course will carry 70 per cent of the total marks available for this course. The examination will cover every aspect of the course, so you are advised to revise all your corrected assignments before the examination.

COURSE MARKING SCHEME

This table shows how the actual course marking is broken down. Table 1 : Course Marking Scheme Assessment Marks Assignment 1- 4 Four assignments, best three marks of the four count at 30% of course marks Final Examination 70% of overall course marks Total 100% of course marks xi

4 Evens Handlers in JavaScript Week 11 Assignment 11 Module 4 1 Overview of XML Week 12 Assignment 12 2 Search Engines and Tools Week 13 Assignment 12 3 The future Web Technologies and Development Tools Week 14 Assignment 13 Revision Week 15 Examination Week 16 Total 16 weeks

HOW TO GET THE MOST FROM THIS COURSE

In distance learning, the study units replace the university lecturer. This is one of the great advantages of distance learning; you can read and work through specially designed study materials at your own pace, and at a time and place that suit you best. Think of it as reading the lecture instead of listening to a lecturer. In the same way that a lecturer might set you some reading to do, the study units tell you when to read your textbooks or other material. Just as a lecturer might give you an in-class exercise, your study units provide exercises for you to do at appropriate points. Each of the study units follows a common format. The first item is an introduction to the subject matter of the unit and how a particular unit is integrated with the other units and the course as a whole. Next is a set of learning objectives. These objectives enable you to know what you should be able to do by the time you have completed the unit. You should use these objectives to guide your study. When you have finished the units, you must go back and check whether you have achieved the objectives. If you make a habit of doing this, you will significantly improve your chances of passing the course. xiii

Remember that your tutor‟s job is to assist you. When you need help, do not hesitate to call and ask your tutor to provide it.

1. Read this Course Guide thoroughly.
2. Organise a study schedule. Refer to the „Course Overview‟ for more details. Note the time you are expected to spend on each unit and how the assignments relate to the units. Whatever method you chose to use, you should decide on it and write in your own dates for working on each unit.
3. Once you have created your own study schedule, do everything you can to stick to it. The major reason that students fail is that they lag behind in their course work.
4. Turn to Unit 1 and read the introduction and the objectives for the unit.
5. Assemble the study materials. Information about what you need for a unit is given in the „Overview‟ at the beginning of each unit. You will almost always need both the study unit you are working on and one of your set of books on your desk at the same time.
6. Work through the unit. The content of the unit itself has been arranged to provide a sequence for you to follow. As you work through the unit, you will be instructed to read sections from your set books or other articles. Use the unit to guide your reading.
7. Review the objectives for each study unit to confirm that you have achieved them. If you feel unsure about any of the objectives, review the study material or consult your tutor.
8. When you are confident that you have achieved a unit‟s objectives, you can then start on the next unit. Proceed unit by unit through the course and try to pace your study so that you keep yourself on schedule.
9. When you have submitted an assignment to your tutor for marking, do not wait xiv

for the appropriate situations. Some real-life problems were mentioned or solved for you to apply. The essence is to help you acquire the necessary knowledge and competence. I wish you success with the course and hope that you will find it both interesting and useful. xvi

MAIN COURSE

• Module1 …………………………………………………………. CONTENTS PAGE
• Unit 1 Definitions and how to connect to the Internet....……….
• Unit 2 Internet Services, Communication and Protocol ………. ...
• Unit 3 Network model and web application development……. … - Module 2 ……………………………………………..…..……… - 2 XHTML and HTML5 Elements…..….…..…….……….. Unit 1 HTML tags and attributed……………………....………..32 Unit - Unit 3 Tables………………………………….…….…,,,,…….. - Unit 4 Input Tags and Form processing…..…………,,.….,,........
  • Module 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------.
  • Unit 1 Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Fundamentals…,…….…..….
  • Unit 2 Fundamental of JavaScript for Dynamic statements…...…..
  • Unit 3 Using statements in control JavaScript………………….….
  • Unit 4 Event Handlers in JavaScript ….…………,,………..….…
  • Module 4---------------------------------------------------------------------
  • Unit 1 Overview of XML…………………………………………
  • Unit 2 Search Engines and Tools……………………….…………
  • Unit 3 The future Web, Technologies and Development Tools…..