Introduction to Morphology, Slides of Linguistics

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I N T R O D U C T I O N T O E N G L I S H L I N G U I S T I C S

MORPHOLOGY

Group 5: Bảo Châu, Minh Khôi, Mỹ Linh

CHAPTER 6

M A I N S E C T I O N S

1. Morphology
2. Morphemes
3. Morphological

description

4. Morphs and

allomorphs

5. Other languages

MORPHEMES

The building blocks of

morphology

unkind, unkindness,

kindly...

walker, walks, walked,

walking,... watches, watcher, watched,

watching

Morpheme is “a minimal unit of

meaning or

grammatical function.”

MORPHEMES

The measurement system reproduces the same

re- produce^ result. -s

(again) (present tense)

meanin

g

meanin

g

grammatical

function

TYPES OF

MORPHEMES

• (^) When we combine free morphemes with bound

morphemes, the basic word forms are stems.

UNKINDNESS

UN- KIND -NESS

prefix stem

suffix

(bound) (free)

(bound)

USEFULLY

USE -FUL -LY

Stem suffix suffix

(Free) (bound) (bound)

• (^) A stem is not always a free morpheme.

E.g., receive, reduce, repeat.

-cieve, -duce, -peat are not free

morphemes.

"bound

stems"

T Y P E S O F F R E E M O R P H E M E S

LEXICAL FUNCTIONAL

• (^) Ordinary nouns, adjectives

and verbs carrying the

content or meaning of the

messages.

• (^) New ones can be added to

the language.

"Open" class of

words.

E.g., follow, type, look,

yellow, act, pick, strange

• (^) Functional words such as

conjunctions, prepositions,

articles and pronouns.

• (^) New ones cannot be added

to the language.

"Closed" class of

words.

E.g., but, when, near,

above, in, the, that, them,

if

TYPES OF BOUND

MORPHEMES

INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES

• (^) Indicate aspects of the grammatical

function of a word.

• (^) English has only 8 inflectional

morphemes (or “inflections”).

LIST OF INFLECTIONS

Types of Morphemes

MORPHEMES

FREE

BOUND

LEXICAL

FUNCTIONAL

DERIVATIONAL

INFLECTIONAL