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Introduction to Human Physiology: Major Organ Systems and Their Functions, Exams of Physiology

DeVry University - WisconsinPhysiology

A comprehensive overview of the major organ systems in the human body, their functions, and the cells that constitute them. It covers topics such as neurons, muscle fibers, epithelia, connective tissue cells, glands (exocrine and endocrine), tissues, organs, organ systems (endocrine and nervous), musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, reproductive, immune, and integumentary systems. It also discusses total body water, fluid compartments, homeostasis, negative and positive feedback, integrating center, effectors, diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, diabetes insipidus, absorption, secretion, excretion, filtration, reabsorption, permeable, selectively permeable, semipermeable, internal and external environments, and various hormones.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 04/30/2024

Jayju
Jayju 🇺🇸

417 documents

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Introduction to Physiology Questions
and answers
Physiology CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The study of the function of organisms
Cells (Major Classes) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Neurons
- Muscle Fibers.
- Epithelia.
- Connective Tissue Cells.
Neurons CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells that transmit information through out the
body via electrical impulses
Muscle Fibers CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells in the body responsible for movement
through contraction
Epithelia CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells found in continuous sheet-like layers that
form barriers
Lumen CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The interior cavity of a hollow organ
Glands CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A structure formed from epithelial cells that
function in synthesis and secretion
Exocrine Gland CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A gland that secretes into a duct that leads
to the external environment
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and answers

Physiology CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The study of the function of organisms Cells (Major Classes) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Neurons

  • Muscle Fibers.
  • Epithelia.
  • Connective Tissue Cells. Neurons CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells that transmit information through out the body via electrical impulses Muscle Fibers CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells in the body responsible for movement through contraction Epithelia CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells found in continuous sheet-like layers that form barriers Lumen CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The interior cavity of a hollow organ Glands CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A structure formed from epithelial cells that function in synthesis and secretion Exocrine Gland CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A gland that secretes into a duct that leads to the external environment

and answers

Endocrine Gland CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A gland that secretes hormones into the blood stream Hormones CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Chemical messengers secreted from endocrine glands Connective Tissue Cells CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The most diverse of the major cell types, they are characterized by relatively disperse cells surrounded by extensive ground substance Tissue CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A collection of similarly functioning cells Organs CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Structures consisting of two or more tissues, combining to perform a particular function Organ System CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The organization of different organs that work together to perform a specific function of the body Endocrine System CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Provides communication between cells via hormones

  • Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Pancreas Nervous System CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Provides communication between cells via electrical signals and neurotransmitters
  • Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves

and answers

  • White blood cells, Thymus, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, Adenoids Integumentary System CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Protects the body from external environment
  • Skin Total Body Water CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The total volume of water in the body, ~42L for 70kg person Intracellular Fluid CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The fluid found within cells Extracellular Fluid CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The fluid found between cells Homeostasis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The process of maintaining conditions in the body within a range viable for life Negative Feedback CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The process whereby a signal causes the gradual change of a process back to normal levels Integrating Center CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The area in the body, usually located in the brain, that receives sensory input and sends the appropriate response Effectors CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The cells or tissue that upon receiving an output signal, bring about the appropriate response

and answers

Positive Feedback CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The process whereby a signal causes the exponential change of a process away from normal levels Diabetes Mellitus CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Divided into type I and II, this disease centers around either the inability to produce insulin, or the for cells to be sufficiently affected by insulin, leading to increased blood glucose levels Gestational Diabetes CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - A form of type II diabetes mellitus which develops in pregnant women, only a small percentage of which are permanent Diabetes Insipidus CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Resulting from either insufficient ADH secretion, or the inability of ADH to affect the appropriate cells in the kidney, this disease is characterized by low plasma volume and excessive urination External Envirnment CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The area opposite the inside of the body, separated by a layer of epithelial tissue Inspiration CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The air entering the lungs when breathing in Expiration CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The air leaving the lungs when breathing out Absorption CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Movement of a substance from the external environment to the internal environment by transport across an epithelium

and answers

Interstitial Fluid CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The extracellular fluid compartment that is composed of fluid that bathes most cells in the body

  • Similar in composition to plasma except with lesser amount of proteins Fluid Compartments CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The different fluids of the body Set Point CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - The homeostatic value that is optimal of some variable in the body Error Signal CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - This is any difference in the actual value and set point for a homeostatic variable in the body Chemoreceptors CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells that are sensitive to concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood Thrmoreceptors CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - Cells that are sensitive to temperature in the body Luteinizing Hormone CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - This hormone, subject to positive feedback signals, is both sensitive to and signal the release of estrogen Estrogens CORRECT ANSWERS✅ - This hormone, is triggers the positive feedback loop observed with luteinizing hormone