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Understanding Different Types of Software Applications and Engineering, Study notes of Introduction to Software Engineering

University of Babylon (UB)Introduction to Software Engineering

An introduction to software engineering, explaining what software is, the different types of software applications, and the importance of software engineering. It covers stand-alone applications, interactive transaction-based applications, embedded control systems, batch processing systems, entertainment systems, systems for modeling and simulation, data collection systems, and systems of systems. Additionally, it discusses generic and customized software products, and the need for software engineering due to software project and product failures.

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Uploaded on 09/07/2022

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bg1
Introduction to
Software Engineering
!
!
(Chapter 1)
!1
What is Software?
•Wikipedia: Software is a collection of computer
programs (and related data) that provides the
instructions for telling a computer what to do and
how to do it.
•Does software include:
-Google chrome? MS Word? Mac OS X?
-An Excel spreadsheet?
-the source code program?
-the machine code version of the program?!
•Software is executable.
!2
8 different types of software
applications
1. Stand-alone applications
-Run on a local computer, such as a PC.
-Do not need to be connected to a network.
2. Interactive transaction-based applications
-Execute on a remote computer
-Accessed by users from their own computers.
-These include web apps such as e-commerce applications.
3. Embedded control systems
-Software systems that control and manage hardware
devices.
-Numerically, there are probably more embedded systems
than any other type of system.
!3
8 different types of software
applications
4. Batch processing systems
-Business systems designed to process data in large batches.
-Process large numbers of individual inputs to create
corresponding outputs.
5. Entertainment systems
-Primarily for personal use
-Intended to entertain the user.
6. Systems for modeling and simulation
-Developed by scientists and engineers to model physical
processes or situations
-Include many, separate, interacting objects.
!4
pf3
pf4

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Download Understanding Different Types of Software Applications and Engineering and more Study notes Introduction to Software Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!

Introduction to

Software Engineering

(Chapter 1)

! 1

What is Software?

• Wikipedia:^ Software^ is a collection of computer

programs (and related data) that provides the

instructions for telling a computer what to do and

how to do it.

• Does software include:

  • Google chrome? MS Word? Mac OS X?
  • An Excel spreadsheet?
  • the source code program?
  • the machine code version of the program?

• Software is executable.

! 2

8 different types of software

applications

1. Stand-alone applications

  • Run on a local computer, such as a PC.
  • Do not need to be connected to a network.

2. Interactive transaction-based applications

  • Execute on a remote computer
  • Accessed by users from their own computers.
  • These include web apps such as e-commerce applications.

3. Embedded control systems

  • Software systems that control and manage hardware devices.
  • Numerically, there are probably more embedded systems than any other type of system.

8 different types of software

applications

4. Batch processing systems

  • Business systems designed to process data in large batches.
  • Process large numbers of individual inputs to create corresponding outputs.

5. Entertainment systems

  • Primarily for personal use
  • Intended to entertain the user.

6. Systems for modeling and simulation

  • Developed by scientists and engineers to model physical processes or situations
  • Include many, separate, interacting objects.

8 different types of software applications

7. Data collection systems

  • Collect data from their environment using a set of sensors.
  • Send that data to other systems for processing.

8. Systems of systems

  • Composed of a number of other software systems.
  • Department of Defense applications ! 5 Two kinds of software products
  • Generic products
  • Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to anyone.
  • Examples – Microsoft office, iPad apps, Angry birds, software for specific markets: appointments systems for dentists.
  • The developer organization decides what the software should do
  • Customized products
  • Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs.
  • Examples – embedded control systems, air traffic control software, traffic monitoring systems.
  • The customer decides what the software should do and how it should be changed. ! 6 What is Software Engineering?
  • Software engineering^ is an engineering discipline that is

concerned with all aspects of software production from

the early stages of system specification through to

maintaining the system after it has gone into use.

  • Engineering discipline
    • Using appropriate theories and methods to solve problems
    • Bearing in mind organizational and financial constraints.
    • “getting results of the required quality within the schedule and budget”
  • All aspects of software production
    • Not just technical process of development.
    • Project management
    • The development of tools, methods etc. to support software production. What is Software Engineering? ! !
  • Software engineering^ is a systematic approach to

the production of software that takes into

account practical cost, schedule, and

dependability issues, as well as the needs of

software customers and producers

Another definition from the textbook

Software Quality: Essential attributes of good software ! 13 Product characteristic Description Example Functional Correctness The software meets its specifications. It is generally free of defects (bugs). A calculator app always gives the correct answer, for every operation. Maintainability Software is written in such a way so that it is easy to change, to meet the changing needs of customers. Apple successfully updates the Safari Web browser to work with a new version of Mac OS X. Dependability Software dependability includes a range of characteristics including reliability, security and safety. Dependable software should not cause physical or economic damage in the event of system failure. Malicious users should not be able to access or damage the system. Unauthorized users are not able to access your banking account in an online banking app. Software Quality: Essential attributes of good software ! 14 Product characteristic Description (^) Example Efficiency Software should not make wasteful use of system resources such as memory and processor cycles. Efficiency therefore includes responsiveness, processing time, memory utilization, etc. When you sort your iTunes library using one of the column headers, you see the results almost immediately. Acceptability Software must be acceptable to the type of users for which it is designed. This means that it must be understandable, usable and compatible with other systems that they use. Facebook privacy controls: seem to change often and are difficult for users to understand. (Negative example) Case Studies

The following case studies are used for examples in

the book (see chapter 1 for background).

  • A personal insulin pump
    • An embedded system in an insulin pump used by diabetics to maintain blood glucose control.
  • A mental health case patient management system
    • An information system used to maintain records of people receiving care for mental health problems.
  • A wilderness weather station
    • A data collection system that collects data about weather conditions in remote areas. ! 15