Introductory activity analysis, Study notes of Occupational therapy

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ACTIVITY

ANALYSIS

Objectives

• (^) Introduction
• (^) Define the terms occupation, activity, task, skills and activity analysis
• (^) Explain how occupation and activity are used in OT
• (^) Define occupational balance and occupation ontogenesis
• (^) Discuss activity analysis

Definition of terms

• (^) Occupation Role – purposeful activity eg to be a mother, a teacher, doctor etc
• (^) Activity – performed action eg cooking rice for a family
• (^) Tasks: the steps or sequenced components of an activity eg steps in making a clay pot
• (^) Skills: the performance component needed to perform a task, eg perceptual skills
• (^) Activity analysis – a detailed examination of an activity into performance component such as perceptual, cognitive, psychological and cultural factor

CONT…….

• (^) Occupations are “the everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families, and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life. Occupations include things people need to, want to and are expected to do” (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2012a, para. 2).
• (^) Occupations are categorized as activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, health management, rest and

Classification of

Occupations According to

OTPF

• (^) Activities of daily living (ADLs)
• (^) Instrumental activities of daily
• (^) living (IADLs)
• (^) Health management
• (^) Rest and sleep
  • (^) Education
  • (^) Work
  • (^) Play
  • (^) Leisure
  • (^) Social participation

Occupational Balance

• (^) People should have balance between self care, productivity and leisure.
• (^) Difficulties with this concept
  • If activities can not always be clearly defined in a domain , how can you have a balance?
  • would this balance change over time?
    • what is an appropriate balance?
      • who decide what is an appropriate balance?
        • what is balanced activity in one culture?

The goal of Occupational

Therapy

• (^) OTs work with people through the life span; from birth to death
• (^) OTs work with people with a variety of conditions (physical, psychological)
• (^) OTs main focus is to improve people’s independence and quality of life
• (^) OTs achieve this by assessing our patients, and treating them using therapeutic activities which will help to improve their skills/competencies in areas of difficulty

Cont’d

• (^) OTs work holistically (ie we consider the whole person)
• (^) OTs work contextually (ie we seek to assess and treat the person in a setting which is similar to that which the person will return to).
• (^) OTs appreciate that the persons’ environment can impact on their ability to complete various ADLS
• (^) OTs are concerned with the person’s ability to function and continue with their daily activities despite the disability.
• (^) This means that OTs focus on ADLs(activities on daily living), which we divide into the areas of work/productivity, play/leisure and self-care.

Cont’d

• (^) Usually OTs are creative, lateral thinkers and real problem solvers. They are able to come up with practical solutions to help people with disabilities function

Activity Analysis Why are activities so important?

• (^) We define ourselves by what we do, by the roles we take Some of them are essential for survival
• (^) Different activities fulfil different purposes and needs
• (^) Usually a balance between different activities is healthy, but this is greatly influenced by cultural and social norms

Cont’d

• (^) Everyday people complete a variety of

activities in their daily life

• (^) (Self care/ADLs, work/productivity,

play/leisure)

• (^) A persons ability to complete these when

they have an injury or disability will

change

Cont’d Activity Analysis

• (^) Activity analysis is the identification of the component parts of an activity (Buckley & Poole, 2004).
• (^) By nature activities are not simple
• (^) Activities are made up of many smaller components and require many physical, cognitive and perceptual skills
• (^) Activity analysis is a core skill
• (^) As an OT it is not sufficient to just ask patients how they manage their activities, this is too subjective.
• (^) We are a practical profession and a key skill we possess is an ability to observe how pts complete their activities and use this information to problem solve ways to help them

Cont’d

• (^) We usually always use purposeful activity in our treatments with patients. This means activity, which is goal directed and meaningful to the patient.
• (^) We analyse activities to determine how they can be used therapeutically (ie to benefit the patient and help them move towards achieving their therapy goals)
• (^) In order to select appropriate activities to use in treatment, we need to be able to match the activity to the treatment needs of the patient.

Brainstorm

• (^) Think about a 45 year old man who is a farmer, a husband and a father.
• (^) He has recently sustained a SCI and is unable to complete his ADLs independently. How would this affect him?