Mood disorders, summarized slides, Study notes of Occupational therapy

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Module: Occupational Therapy in Mental

Health Topic: Mood disorders

Number of credits: 20

Objectives

• (^) Define Mood disorders
• (^) Identify Mood disorders
• (^) Risk and Prognostic Factors
• (^) Discuss features/symptoms
• (^) Impact of mood disorders on daily function
• (^) OT assessment of mood disorders.
• (^) General treatment& OT interventions

What is Mood Disorders?  (^) Mood disorders are a group of mental illnesses that affect how you feel and think about yourself, other people and life in general.  (^) Mood disorder is an umbrella term that encompasses conditions in which individuals experience an extreme in the continuum of typical moods: from the low, sad, unpleasant mood of unipolar depression to the elevated, energized mood of mania. Those individual who experience both ends of the continuum are known as bipolar.  (^) Mood disturbance is the main feature of most mental disorders.

 (^) Mood disorders frequently occur in conjunction with other mental conditions, such as anxiety and personality disorder, and with medical illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, chronic pain, asthma, and diabetes.  (^) Mood disorder is also associated with substance abuse problems and addiction such as gambling  (^) Mood disorders are classified according to the type of episode or combination of episodes experienced  (^) Depressive Disorders  (^) Bipolar Disorders Dysthymic & Cyclothymic disorders

Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Mood Disorders……..

4. Dysthymia

is characterized by at least two years of a depressed mood, most days with depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. Dysthymic disorder, or dysthymia, is a milder form of depression. It may not hinder a person’s ability to function in daily life.

5. Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by at least two years with numerous periods of both hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a manic episode or a major depressive episode.

Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Mood Disorders……..

6. Substance-induced mood disorder Symptoms of depression that are due to the effects of medication, drug abuse, alcoholism.

Onset, prevalence, and prognosis

1. While major depressive disorder can develop at any age.
2. The median age of onset for bipolar disorder is 25 years, although the illness can start in early childhood or as late as the 40s and 50s.
3. The lifetime prevalence of depressive disorder is 20%-26% in women and 8%-12% in men.

Onset, prevalence, and prognosis Cont’d

5. While the prognosis for recurrences of mood

disorders is poor, recovery is possible. a. Early intervention is more effective than later intervention. b. The use of effective medications and interventions based on a recovery model have increased the number of individuals with mood disorders who are able to maintain satisfying life- styles, resulting in a more favorable overall prognosis. c. Minimizing the frequency of episodes helps within recovery.

Manic Episode cont’d

1. Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation.
2. Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences.

Manic Episode cont’d C. Behaviors associated with a manic episode.

1. Treatment-resistance resulting from failure to recognize illness.
2. Suggestive flamboyant dress.
3. Gambling, promiscuity, excessive spending, or giving things away.
4. Irritable, assaultive(violent), or suicidal behavior.

2. Impact on function ……..

1. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features. Note : At least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.

Hypomanic episode  (^) Symptoms are met for a maniac episode; however, they are not severe enough (i.e. they last for four days rather than one week) to cause marked impairment in social or occupational function or to require hospitalization. A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.

Hypomanic episode …….

1. Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation.
2. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). C. The episode is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic. D. The disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others.

Hypomanic episode…….. E. The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization. F. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a medication, other treatment).