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DANCE – performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human environment. Has aesthetic and symbolic value and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Can be categorized and described by its choreography, repertoire of movements, its historical period or place of origin.
ELEMENTS OF DANCE – foundational concepts and vocabulary that help students develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic practice. (BASTE)
Body Action Space Time Energy
BODY- mobile figure or shape, felt by the dancer, seen by others. Sometimes relatively still and sometimes changing as the dancer moves in place or travels through the dance area.
ACTION- any human movement included in the act of dancing---- it can include dance steps, facial movements, partner lifts, gestures, and even everyday movements. Also refers to pauses and moments of relative stillness.
SPACE- area the dancers occupies during execution of movements. Includes the distance they travel within the performance.
General Space Personal Space
TIME- rhythmic patterns may be metered or free rhythm. May also show different timing relationships such as simultaneous or sequential timing, brief to long duration, fast to slow speed, or accents in predictable or unpredictable intervals.
ENERGY- how the movement happens. May change in an instant, and several types of energy may be concurrently in play.
Choices about energy:
Variations in movement flow and the use of force, Tension, Weight
TYPES OF DANCES
Folk dance Ballet Modern and contemporary dance Hip-hop (or street dance) Latin, ballroom and social dance
FOLK DANCE- dance that reflects the life of the people of a certain country or region. Oldest form of dance and one of the earliest form of communications. Today’s folk dance are adaptations of the Old Native Dances.
MRS. FRANCISCA REYES TOLENTINO- known today as Mrs. Francisca Reyes Aquino, considered the mother of Philippine Folk Dances
DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF DANCES
Cordillera Dances Western Influence Dance Rural Dances Muslim and Non-muslim Dances
CORDILLERA DANCES- an expression of community life that animates the various rituals and ceremonies. They dance to appease their ancestors and gods to cure ailments, to ensure success war, or to ward off bad luck or natural calamities.
Sample Dances:
Banga (Kalinga Tribe) Bendayan (Benguet Province) Manmanok (Bago Tribe) Ragragsakan (Kalinga Tribe) Turayen (Gaddang Tribe) Tarektek (Benguet Tribe) Uyaoy/Uyauy (Ifugao Tribe)
WESTERN INFLUENCE DANCE (MARIA CLARA)
- merged Spanish court style (and its stylized courtship conventions) with Philippine exuberance. Pure and noble heroine of a novel who represents the finest qualities of Filipino womanhood. The dancers were European 16th- century dress but to move the sounds of bamboo castanets.
Sample Dances:
Jota Intramureña Engañosa La Jota Manileña Jota Paragua Polkabal Putritos Baston Timawa
RURAL DANCES- also known as countryside dance. Best known and closest to the Filipino heart are the dances from the rural Christian lowlands: a country blessed with so much beauty. These dances illustrate the fiesta spirit and demonstrate a love of life.
Sample Dances:
Tinikling- Leyte Itik-itik- Surigao del Sur Maglalatik- Biñan, Laguna Binasuan- Pangasinan Kappa Malong-Malong- Maranao in Mindanao Cariñosa- Panay Island
MUSLIM AND MINDANAO DANCE- mirror the people’s expression. Show not only the artistic ingenuity of the natives, but also their beliefs, traditions and life are reflected in them. These dances have for long survived.
Sample Dances:
Singkil Pangalay Dugso
Sagayan Karasaguyon Asik Udol
FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITIONS
1 ST^ POSITION
Feet: heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees.
Arm: both raised forward in a circle in front of chest with the fingertips about an inch apart.
2 ND^ POSITION
Feet: a stride sideward about pace or a foot distance.
Arm: both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level.
3 RD^ POSITION
Feet: heel of one foot close to in-step of other foot.
Arm: one arm raised sideward as in 2nd^ position; other is raised upward.
4 TH^ POSITION:
Feet: one foot in front of the other foot of a pace distance.
Arm: one raised in front as in 1st^ position; other arm raised over head.
5 TH^ POSITION
Feet: heel of front foot close to big toe or rear foot.
Arm: both arms raised over head.
COMMON DANCE TERMS
ABRASETE (SPANISH ORIGIN) - girl at the right side of boy, holds his R arm with her left hand, free hands down at the sides.
ARMS AT SIDE- the arms hang from shoulders at the side of the body.
KORRITI- with one foot crossed in front of the other, take as many step as desired.
KUMINTANG- moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
LEAP- a spring from one foot , landing on the other foot in any direction.
MASIWAK- to turn the hand from the wrist halfway clockwise then raise and lower wrist once or twice. This is an Ybanag dance term.
MINCING- with feet in 5th^ position and heels raised, take as many tiny steps sideward (1 step on every count).
OUTSIDE FOOT- the foot away from one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
OUTSIDE HAND- hand away from one’s partner, when partners stand side by side.
OPPOSITE- person standing in the opposite across the set.
PANADYAK- to bend the head down so that the forehead touches the R (L) forearm or the hook of the R (L) hand. Usually done with the R (L) foot pond lightly bent. This is an Ilocano dance term.
PIVOT- to turn with the ball , hell or whole foot on a fixed place or point.
PLACE- to put in a certain position without putting weight on it; the sole of the foot rests on the floor.
POINT- touch the floor lightly with the toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other foot.
ROCKING STEP- fall onto R (L) foot incline body slight forward, raise L (R) in rear (ct.1), fall into L (R) foot in rear, incline body backward, raise R (L) forward (ct.2). May be taken in place, forward and backward or from side to side.
SALOK (A) - swinging the arm downward- upward passing in front of the body as if
scooping; the trunk is bent forward following the movement of the arm doing the salok.
SALOK (B) - to scoop or swing the arm downward , upward in front of the body, the trunk following the movement of the scooping arm. Free hand in fifth position or holding skirt. This is a Tagalog term.
SALUDO- partners with feet together bow each other to the audience, opposite dancers or the neighbors. Make a three step turn and bow to partner or audience.
SAROK (A) – cross the R (or L) foot in front of the L (or R), bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands down in front R (or L) hand over L (or R).
SAROK (B) – cross the R (L) foot in front of the L (R) foot, bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands down in front R (L) over L (R). This is a Visayan term.
SET- dance formation like a square or a unit formation composed of two or more pairs.
SHUFFLE/SHUFFLING- to step right (L) foot in place count left foot in place ah step right (L) foot in place count ah and step left foot in place count ah./ with both feet flat on floor, make tiny slide steps forward (1 small slide on every ct.)
SKIP STEP- step R (L) in 4th^ in front (ct.1), hop on R (L) in place (ct. ah). This is executed in any direction.
SLIDE- to glide foot smoothly along the floor.
STAMP- to bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor.
STEP- to advance or recede by moving one foot to another resting place with a complete transfer of weight from one foot to another.
SUPPORTING FOOT- the foot that bears the weight of the body.
TAP- to rap slightly with the ball or toe of the free foot keeping weight of the body on the other foot. There is no transfer of weight.
TOUCH- the same with point.
WHIRL- to make fast turns by executing small steps in place, to right, or to left.
BASIC DANCE STEPS, STEP PATTERN IN 2/4 TIME
Touch step (both) Bleking step (both) Close step (both) Cross step (both) Hop step Brush step (both) Slide step (both) Swing step (both) Change step Hell and toe change step Chotis Cut step Rocking step Step hop (both) Skip step Gallop Touch step (both) Contraganza Mincing step (both) Shuffling (both) Cross change step Changing step Habanera step Plain polka Hop polka Heel and toe polka
BASIC DANCE STEPS, STEP PATTERN IN 3/4 TIME
Sway balance with a point Sway balance with a raise Sway balance with a hop Sway balance with a brush Sway balance with a close Double sway balance Sway balance with a waltz
Step-swing (both) Step-swing-hop (both) Step brush swing-hop Mazurka Waltz step Cross waltz Waltz balance Redoba Brush step (both) Chasing steps (both) Engano with a waltz Engano with a close
BASIC DANCE STEPS, STEP PATTERN IN 4/4 TIME
Schottische Escotis Chotis
Note: kung may (both) na word, it means pwede sa 2/4 or 3/4 na time.
