Articulat ion : is a joint, any point where two bones meet whe ther or not the bone s are movable •
at the interface.
Arthrology : is the st udy of joints •
Kinesiology : is the study of movement (involves different ac tivit ies that take part in joints) •
Classification of joints:
1. Amount of movement:
A. Synarthrosis: An immovable joint; allow a li ttle or no movement and mos t stability. Present in
fibrous & cartilaginous.
B. Amphiarthrosis: A slightly movable joint; some movement and some mobilit y. Present in fibrous &
cartilaginous joints.
C. Diarthrosis: A f ree ly movable joint; le as t stable. Pre sent in synovial join t.
2. Based on Material:
A. Bony Joint: (synostosis)
An immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifie s and the bone s be come in •
ef fect one single bone .
Examples: if t wo skull sutures fuse, fusion of the epiphyseal plate to become epiphyseal line, and •
the attachment of the first r ib to the sternum
B. Fibrous Joint:
Adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that eme rge f rom one bone and penet rate into the •
other.
Contain lots of dense fibrous conne ct ive tissue. •
There are three t ypes of fibrous joints: •
Sutures: (synarthrosis) 1.
Is the articulation found bet ween skull bones. Where the skull bones grow together and fuse •
and there is little fibers that fill gap.
They are immobile or slight ly mobile fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each •
other.
By middle age the skull bones are all f used together and at which point the sutures be come •
synostoses.
2. Syndesmoses: (amphiarthrosis)
Where two bones are united by long collage n fibers. •
we see the se connecting the radius & ulna (very mobile - make up the forearm) OR connecting •
the tibia & fibula (less mobile - located in the lowe r leg)
