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JOINT FIREPOWER COURSE (MIDTERM EXAM]
OPCON (Operational Control) Authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving ORGANIZING AND EMPLOYING COMMANDS AND FORCES, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission.
TACON (Tactical Control) Authority over forces that is LIMITED TO THE DETAILED DIRECTION AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENTS AND MANEUVERS within the operational area. DOES NOT provide the authority to add to or change the function of the subordinate commander
Support (CMD Relationship) A SUPPORT RELATIONSHIP IS ESTABLISHED BY A COMMON SUPERIOR COMMANDER between subordinate commanders when one organization should AID, PROTECT, COMPLEMENT, OR SUSTAIN ANOTHER FORCE. -Supported: what, where, when -Supporting: who and how
Two Distinct Chain of Command Branches
Operational and Administrative
Operational Chain of Command Authority, direction, and control of operational forces through Combatant Commanders (CCDR) utilizing the following chain of command
- President of the United States
- Secretary of Defense ---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
- Combatant Commanders
- Service Component Commands
Administrative Chain of Command Authority and control of forces through Service Secretaries utilizing the following chain of command
- President of the United States
- Secretary of Defense ---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
- Secretaries of Military Departments
- Service Chiefs
- (ADCON) Commander of Military Service Forces
Multiservice Doctrine Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of TWO OR MORE SERVICES in coordinated action towards a common objective. SIGNATORY SERVICES ARE THE PROPONENTS
Service Doctrine Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of a SINGLE SERVICE. Prepared under direction of the Service Cheifs of Stff
Unified Action The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and non-governmental entities with military operation to ACHEIVE UNITY OF EFFORT.
Unity of Command All forces operate under a single commander with the requisite authority to direct all forces employed in pursuit of a common purpose
Unity of Effort
coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not of the same command or organization (product of unified action)
Types of Command Relationships
- COCOM (Combatant Command)
- OPCON (Operational Control)
- TACON (Tactical Control)
- Support
COCOM (Combatant Command) Authority over assigned forces, vested in only in the commanders of combatant commands and CANNOT BE DELEGATED OR TRANSFERRED.
Seven Tenets of Air and Space Power
- Centralized Control/Decentralized Execution
- Flexibility & Versatility
- Synergistic Effects
- Persistence
- Concentration
- Priority
- Balance
Close Air Support Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets which are in CLOSE PROXIMITY to friendly forces and which REQUIRE DETAILED INTEGRATION of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.
Close Proximity NOT A SPECIFIC DISTANCE. Situational and REQUIRES DETAILED INTEGRATION and TERMINAL ATTACK CONTROL.
Detailed Integration LEVEL OF COORDINATION required to achieve effects while minimizing the risk of fratricide
Air Force Level of Organization
- HQ
- Major Commands
- Numbered Air Forces
- Wings
- Groups
- Squadrons
Multidomain Operations The combined arms employment of Joint and Army capabilities to creat and exploit relative advantages that achieve objectives, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains as part of unified action
4 Types of Multidomain Operations
- Offensive Operations (Outside US, defeat ENY)
- Defensive Operations (Outside US, defeat ENY attack)
- Stability Operations (Outside US, est or maint. secure env.)
- Defense Support of Civil Authorities (In US, request for assistance)
4 Tenets of Multidomain Operations
- Agility
- Convergence
- Endurance
- Depth
3 Types of Brigade Combat Teams
- Armor
- AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE (attacks launched from the sea by landing forces, also power proj)
- Mine Warfare (use of mines and countermeasures)
- Expeditionary Warfare (littoral warfare)
- Strategic Sealift (sustainment, reinforcement, resupply)
- Logistics (underway replinishment)
USN Power Projection Missions
- Strike Warfare - Destruction or Neutralization of ENEMY ASHORE
- Amphibious Warfare - Attacks launched from the Sea by LANDING FORCES (includes CAS & NSFS)
Littorals --Seaward: area from the open ocean to the shore --Landward: are inland that can be defended directly from the sea
Carrier Strike Groups Perform All Mission Sets Except... Amphibious Warfare and Mine Warfare
Marine Corps Organization
- Supporting Establishment (TRADOC)
- Operating Forces (FORCOM)
- Marine Corps Forces Reserve
Marine Corps Command Structure
- President of the United States
- Secretary of Defense ---------Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in an advisory role
- Secretary of the Navy
- Commandant of the Marine Corps
Marine Corps Warfighting Philosophy Seeks to shatter the enemy's cohesion through a variety of rapid, focused, and unexpected actions which create a turbulent and rapidly deteriorating situations with which the enemy cannot cope Through:
- FIREPOWER & MOBILITY- complimentary and mutually dependent
- COMBINED ARMS- Use of all available resources to achieve the greatest effect on the battlefield
Largest and most capable principle war fighting force of USMC, 20,000-90,000 personnel
5 Component Commands of the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
- USASOC (Army Special Ops)
- NAVSPECWARCOM (Navy Special Warfare)
- MARSOC (Marine Special Ops)
- AFSOC (AF Special Ops)
- JSOC (Joint Special Ops) **USSOCOM is a combatant command with a function mission focus
SOF Land and Air Liaisons
- SOCCE- Established to synchronize joint LAND operations and harmonize actions between the SOF and Conventional Force elements
- SOLE- Liaison organization linking special operations AIR with the conventional air component
SOF Assets and Contributions
- USASOC- Special Forces, 75th Ranger BN, 160th SOAR, Military Information Group, Civil Affairs BDE
- NAVSPECWARCOM- SEAL Teams, Seal Delivery Teams (SDV), and Special Boat Teams (SBT)
- AFSOC- Specialized Aircraft and Aircrews, Long-RG ops in denied airspace, Special Tactics Team (STT)
- MARSOC- Marine Raider Regiment (MRR)
12 core activities of USSOCOM
- Direct Action (DA)
- Special Reconnaissance (SR)
- Counterterrorism
- Unconventional Warfare
- Foreign Internal Defense
- Military Information Support Operations
- Civil Affairs
- Countering of Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Security Force Assistance
- Hostage Rescue and Recovery
- Counterinsurgency
- Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) Service Component Commander with PREPONDERANCE OF AIR ASSETS "AND" C2 STRUCTURE to support operations. Provides Air Apportionment
HANGS AT THE AOC
Also normally designated as:
- Airspace Control Authority (ACA)
- Area Air Defense Commander (AADC)
Air Operations Center (AOC) Senior Agency of the AFFOR, if not the JFACC. Jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing joint air operations in support of the JFC's operation or campaign objectives. Senior Element in TACS. Provides Centralized Control. Issues ATO & ACO. Provides C2 for THEATER air forces. Where the JFACC hangs
Wing Operations Center (WOC) Air Expeditionary Wing CDR C2 element with TWO WAY COMMUNICATION between the AOC. Provides decentralized
execution. Breaks out ATO into specific missions, sorties and crew.
Joint Air Component Coordination Element (JACCE) Senior AF LIAISON to the AAGS. Liaison element, not a C node and is co-located with the JFLCC staff.
Control and Reporting Center(CRC) Senior USAF RADAR element. Subordinate to the AOC. Provides decentralized execution of airspace control and air defense. Positive control of aircraft. Recommends changes in air defense warning conditions.
Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) Two Primary missions:
- Liaison- Advise ground commanders on capabilities/limitations of air operations
- Control- Provide terminal attack control of CAS
Subordinate to ASOC. Plans and coordinates with the FC. Operates and Monitors JARN
--Located from CORPS/DIV/BCT/BN
Forward Air Controller- Airborne (FAC-A) Airborne extension of the TACP
Tactical Air Coordinator (Airborne)- TAC(A) Airborne extension of air support control agencies
Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC) Service component commander with the PREPONDERANCE OF LAND FORCES "AND" THE C2 STRUCTURE to support operations. Plans, coordinates and EMPLOYS land forces, including CAS sorties. Hangs at CP
Command Post (CP) Location from which echelon commander conducts C2. --Processes, coordinates, and APPROVES PREPLANNED TACTICAL AIR SUPPORT REQUESTS --One from JFLCC/CORP/DIV/BCT/BN
Fires Cell (FC) Responsible for all fires on SURFACE targets. --One from CORPS/DIV/BCT/BN
Airspace Element (AE) Links theater ARMY airspace section with BCD. ---Air Defense Airspace Management/Brigade Aviation Element (ADAM/BAE.) located at BCT ---AE is located at CORPS/DIV
Battlefield Coordination Detachment (BCD) Senior ARMY LIAISON in the Air Operations Center for selected operational functions between the ARFOR and TACS
Ground/Reconnaissance Liaison Detachment (GLD) Works within the WOC, but works for and reports to BCD. Provides Army expertise to AF fighter, bomber, and airlift wings. Briefs ground tactical situation.
Army Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) Operational lead for counterair operations who ensures the ARFOR contribution is planned, coordinated, integrated, and synchronized.
Falls below the JFLCC CP
