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Octavius: The ape oe Jetavius: |] hey mean to warn us at Philippi here, Answering before we do demand of them. Antony: Tut, Lam in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it: they could be content To visit other places: and come down 1. What reasons does Antony give to Octavius for _ their enemies attacking them first? Antony suggests that the enemies attacked them first because they were afraid that Antony and Octavius were planning to attack them. He believes that they acted out of fear and a desire to protect themselves, rather than out of any specific motivation to attack Antony and Octavius. 2. What news does a messenger bring after the extract? What does Antony suggest to Octavius? How does Octavius disagree with Antony? Give two instances. brings news that the enemy is prepar- The messenger ing to attack. Antony suggests that they should move their troops to a more advantageous position and wait for the enemy to come to them. Octavius disagrees, arguing that they should take the fight to the enemy instead of waiting for them to attack. He also suggests that they should send out scouts to gather more information about the enemy's movements. These disagreements hi ghlight the different personalities and strategic approaches of the two characters. 3. What military strategy was followed? we was Brutus’ argument for following the strategy‘ aE a mail itary strategy f ollowed was (0 meet the os at Philippi and engage them ina direct saa an r Brutus argued that this was the best strategy me i would allow them to confront the enemy head-on é achieve a devisive victory, He believed that the cle mentot surprise was on their side, and that they could catch the enemy off guard and deteat them quickly. s Antony mock Brutus? What use to portray the immoral way rand to whom docs 4c ta whatway doe: hedrawa comparison? inowerss Branus is mocked by Antony, who ridicules his military tactics and insinuates that he lacks courage. Further more, Antony employs strong language to depict the unethical method by which the conspirators assaulted likening them to wolves and other predatory creatures. Antony implies that the conspirators were driven by envy and self-interest rather than any lofty or patriotic aspirations. 3. How does Octavius show better capability and practicality compared to Antonyas he stands arguing with the conspirators? Octavius shows better capability and practicality compared to Antony in his strategic thinking and his ability to work with others. He is more willing to listen to the advice of others, and he is better at adapting to changing circumstances on the battlefield. He also demonswates a more disciplined and pragmatic approach to leadership, which is reflected in his ability to work effectively with other commanders and his willingness to make difficult decisions in the face of adversity. Octavius is portrayed as a more capable and effective leader than Antony in the later stages of the play. B. Read the extract given below and answer the following questions. Cassius: Messala, This is my birth-day; as this very day Was Cassius born, Give me thy hand, Messala: Be thou my witness that against my will, As Pompcy was, am I compell’d to set 1. Give the meanings of the lines that follow the extract ‘As we were sickly prey their shadows scen/A canopy most fatal’. er he lines “As we were sickly prey, their shadows seem/A canopy most fatal” refer to the fact that the conspirators are like sick prey being stalked by a predator. The “canopy most fatal” refers to the shadow of death that is hanging over them. The image of the canopy also suggests a kind of suffocating and claus- trophobic atmosphere, as if they are trapped undera dark and ominous cloud that is about to burst 2. What character traits of Cassius are seen? How does he appear to have a different bent of mind from what he had earlier in the play? In this scene, Cassius appears to be introspective and reflective. He is aware of his own mortality and is grappling with the conflicting emotions ofambition and fear. He is also shown to be a skilled manipulator, using the occasion of his birthday to rally support for the plot against Caesar. This is a departure from his earlier behaviour in the play, where he was more overtly aggressive and confrontational, and suggests that he has become more strategic and nuanced in his approach. : 3. What philosophy had Cassius followed earlier? Why does he discard this philosophy? What does this show of Cassius? Earlier in the play, Cassius followed the philosophy of stoicism, which emphasised self-control and the acceptance of fate. However, in this scene, he discards this philosophy and reveals that he is willing to act against his own will in pursuit ofhis ambition. This shows that Cassius is acomplex character who is not bound by any one philosophy or ideology but is instead driven by a mixture of conflicting desires and impulses. 4. State the reasons for Cassius’ downfall where Brutus is concerned. Cassius’ downfall in relation to Brutus is largely due to his overconfidence and his failure to understand the motivations and character of his fellow conspirator. Cassius believes that he can manipulate Brutus into supporting his plan to overthrow Caesar, but he 
