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KETTERING TESTS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE ANSWERS
โ cardiac output. Answer: the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute โ afterload. Answer: The amount of force a contracting ventricle must produce to open the semilunar valve โ Positive inotropic agents often. Answer: block calcium entry โ NOT a source of peripheral resistance. Answer: volume โ sinoatrial node. Answer: The cardiac pacemaker or the natural pacemaker โ chemoreceptors. Answer: respond to changes in oxygen levels blood pH and cerebrospinal fluid pH โ atrioventricular node. Answer: is in the floor of the right atrium near the opening of the coronary sinus
โ peripheral resistance. Answer: The resistance to blood flow primarily caused by friction within the vessel walls โ contractility. Answer: The amount of force produced during a contraction independent of preload โ atrioventricular node. Answer: will generate an action potential at a rate of 40 - 60 per minute โ interatrial septum. Answer: divides the right atrium from the left atrium โ the normal conduction pathway of the heart. Answer: SA node AV node bundle of his right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers โ How does blood normally flow. Answer: arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins โ NOT directly affect the heart. Answer: growth hormones โ does not carry oxygenated blood. Answer: pulmonary artery โ What occluded artery would most likely cause a lateral wall infarction ?. Answer: circumflex
โ superior vena cava. Answer: delivers blood to the right atrium from the head neck upper limbs and chest โ lead II QRS is negative. Answer: How you recognize that a lead may be reversed on an ECG tracing โ ECG finding is most consistent with hyperkalemia. Answer: spike T waves โ would cause a depressed ST segment and inverted T wave. Answer: myocardial ischemia โ Which view of the heart is provided by leads V3 and V4. Answer: anterior wall โ The P wave represents. Answer: depolarization of the atria โ The ST segment is measured from the. Answer: end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave โ the arrhythmias are considered life threatening. Answer: ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
โ would NOT cause sinus tachycardia. Answer: oxygen โ Which is a potent coronary vasodilator used in exercise stress testing ?. Answer: dipyridamole โ Which would be an indication to stop the stress testing procedure ?. Answer: ST depression greater than 1 mm for 0.8 second โ A 50 year old patient is being prepared for an exercise stress test He has a resting heart rate of 84 bpm , BP 128/86 mmHg respiratory rate of 12 bpm and VT of 485 mL. What is the patient's maximum heart rate ?. Answer: 170 โ Which drugs can be used with patients unable to exercise sufficiently to reach an adequate heart rate ?. Answer: dipyridamole โ Which would you get more dependable workloads from ?. Answer: cycle ergometer โ After 3 minutes into a Bruce exercise stress test the patients systolic pressure remains unchanged and the diastolic pressure has fallen rapidly. The technician should. Answer: terminate the test โ NOT a contraindication to stress testing ?. Answer: dyspnea
โ The QRS complex should be less than ______small squares wide .. Answer: 3 โ The T wave represents. Answer: repolarization of the ventricles โ When measuring the PR interval it is measured from the. Answer: beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the Q wave. โ Which is diagnosed when inverted T waves are present on the ECG ?. Answer: ischemia โ Which group of drugs lowers left and right filling pressure ( preload ) ?. Answer: nitrates โ Which is indicated for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ( PSVT ) which does not require cardioversion ?. Answer: verapamil โ The primary beneficial effect of epinephrine is for the treatment of. Answer: cardiac arrest โ Propranolol ( Inderal ) main action is to. Answer: inhibit cardiac stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system
โ The first antiarrhythmic drug used for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation is. Answer: lidocaine โ A negative inotropic affect would. Answer: decrease the strength of contraction โ Which anti arrhythmic drug is given with an initial dose of 1mg / kg ?. Answer: lidocaine โ Which drugs is the most common agent for arrhythmias refractory to lidocaine ?. Answer: bretylium โ These drugs can have increased effects when used with calcium channel blockers ?. Answer: nitrates โ Which drug is NOT an alpha adrenergic blocker ?. Answer: latensin โ Which selectively block alpha adrenergic receptors to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance ?. Answer: doxazosin โ A short or flat T wave occurs when there is. Answer: hypokalemia
โ Ventricular hypertrophy is diagnosed by R wave changes in leads. Answer: Vโ and V5. โ A diphasic P wave is where the P wave appears. Answer: both positive and negative โ If the direction of the axis is up and to the right it is called. Answer: extreme right axis deviation โ Atrial hypertrophy is best seen in. Answer: lead Vโ โ is diagnosed when significant Q waves are seen on the ECG. Answer: infarction โ the findings would suggest Wolf Parkinson White WPW. Answer: delta wave โ the heart rates would be interpreted as atrial flutter. Answer: heart rates 250 bpm โ the FIRST upward deflection on the ECG paper. Answer: P wave โ When would you NOT use epinephrine ?. Answer: supraventricular tachycardia
โ A negative lead I and a negative lead AVF is considered. Answer: extreme right axis deviation โ During this phase sodium moves rapidly into the cell and potassium begins to exit converting the electrical forces within the cell to a positive charge. This phase is called. Answer: phase 0. โ A condition in which ions of opposite charges are separated by a semi permeable membrane such as a cell membrane called. Answer: polarization โ Movement of the transmembrane potential away from + mV values and toward the resting potential is called. Answer: repolarization โ The difference measured about - 90 mV across the cell membrane is. Answer: transmembrane potential โ A conducted change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells , initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions is. Answer: action potential โ Which phase of the action potential curve represents the resting phase ?. Answer: phase 4
โ Which is used to tag the patient's blood cells in the Muga Stress Test ?. Answer: technetium 99. โ The exercise protocol that uses 10 exercise periods of 3 minutes duration separated by rest periods of 3 minutes is called. Answer: Naughton protocol โ Which formula is used to calculate the maximum heart rate of a patient prior to a stress test ?. Answer: 220 - age ( years ) โ Which is an alternative to thallium studies for the detection of coronary artery disease ?. Answer: Muga scans โ What would cause a patient's blood pressure to fall at the peak heart rate during a stress test ?. Answer: decreased cardiac output โ The formula : belt length x cycles minute ( RPM ) is used to determine the. Answer: speed of a treadmill โ Which would be a normal response to stress testing ?. Answer: heart rate greater than 120 โ When is thallium - 201 administered. Answer: peak heart rate
โ The exercise protocol that begins with a 3 minute stage of walking at 1.7 mph at 10 % grade is called. Answer: Bruce โ If you were only able to use one lead to monitor the ECG of a patient during a Kattus exercise stress test procedure you should use. Answer: modified V5. โ Which would NOT increase as the workload increases ?. Answer: deadspace โ What exercise stress test protocol would you use on someone who had a noncomplicated controlled MI about 15 weeks ago ?. Answer: Modified Bruce โ Which medication can be safely used during a stress test ?. Answer: dobutamine โ Vasoconstriction during stress testing will result in. Answer: increased vascular resistance โ During an exercise evaluation a patient develops PVC at a frequency of 12 per minute and significant ST segment depression Which of the following conditions would be most likely to cause these changes ?. Answer: ischemic heart disease
