Kidney - Pathology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Pathology

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KIDNEY

RENAL PATHOLOGY

• NORMAL
• CONGENITAL
• “CYSTS”
• GLOMERULAR
• TUBULAR/INTERSTITIAL
• BLOOD VESSELS
• OBSTRUCTION
• TUMORS

CONGENITAL

• AGENESIS
• HYPOPLASIA
• ECTOPIC
• HORSESHOE

CYSTIC DISEASES

• CYSTIC RENAL “DYSPLASIA”
• A utosomal D OMINANT (AD -ULTS)
• Autosomal RECESSIVE (CHILDREN)
• MEDULLARY
  • Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK)
  • Nephronopththisis-Medullary
• ACQUIRED
• SIMPLE

GLOMERULAR DISEASES

aka, glomerulonephropathies

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• ACUTE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
• RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
• CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
• ASYMPTOMATIC HEMATURIA or

PROTEINURIA

PATHOGENESIS

• Antibodies against inherent GBM
• Antibodies against “planted” antigens
• Trapping of Ag-Ab complexes
• Antibodies against glomerular cells, e.g., mesangial cells, podocytes, etc.
• Cell mediated immunity, i.e., sensitized T- cells as in TB

MEDIATORS

• NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES
• MACROPHAGES, T-CELLS, NK CELLS
• PLATELETS
• MESANGIAL CELLS
• SOLUBLE: CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES,

COAGULATION FACTORS

“RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE”

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• Clinical definition, NOT a specific pathologic one
• “CRESCENTIC”
• Anti-GBM Ab
• IMMUN CPLX
• Anti-Neut. Ab

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

• MASSIVE PROTEINURIA
• HYPOALBUMINEMIA
• EDEMA
• LIPIDEMIA/LIPIDURIA
• NUMEROUS CAUSES:
  • MEMBRANOUS, MINIMAL CHANGE, FOCAL SEGMTL.
  • DIABETES, AMYLOID, SLE, DRUGS

HEREDITARY HEMATURIA SYNDROMES

• ALPORT SYNDROME
  • Progressive Renal Failure
  • Nerve Deafness
  • VARIOUS eye disorder
  • DEFECTIVE COLLAGEN TYPE IV
• THIN GBM (Glomerular Basement

Membrane) Disease, i.e., about HALF

as uniformly thin as it should be Docsity.com

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

• Can result from just about ANY

of the previously described acute ones

• THIN CORTEX
• HYALINIZED (fibrotic) GLOMERULI
• OFTEN SEEN IN DIALYSIS

PATIENTS

TUBULES

INTERSTITIUM

BLOOD VESSELS

OBSTRUCTION

TUMORS

TUBULAR DISEASES

• ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
• TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
  • PYELONEPHRITIS
    • ACUTE
    • CHRONIC
  • DRUGS
  • TOXINS
• URATE NEPHROPATHY
• HYPERCALCEMIA/NEPHROCALCINOSIS
• MULTIPLE MYELOMA Docsity.com