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Modern, mechanical drive systems, combined with advanced generators, convert that energy into electricity. Wind energy has been the fastest growing source of energy in the world since 1990, increasing at an average rate of over 25 percent per year. It’s a trend driven largely by dramatic improvements in wind technology.
Wind turbines that provide electricity to the utility grid range in size from 50 kW to1 or 2 MW. Large, Utility scale projects can have hundreds of turbines spread over many acres of land. Small turbines, below 50 kW, are used to charge batteries, electrify homes, pump water for farms and ranches, and power remote telecommunications equipment.
I. INTRODUCTION II. WIND POWER III. SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR IV. INDUCTION GENERATORS V. POWER CONTROL VI. CONCLUSION
a survey of the general conversion configurations used for wind-powered generators and
gives a^ description of the^ power^ electronics^ converters used to interface the electrical machine to the grid. No attention will be paid to stand-alone generators which are used only for small power and in insulated areas.
For the first time, an inclusive account of costs and greenhouse gas emissions across various technologies and scenarios confirms the key role of renewable sources, irrespective of any tangible climate change mitigation agreement.
Table 3. Examples of wind power applications and system type Technology type (electrical/mechanical) System Application Wind power – electrical Grid connected Supplementing mains supply Wind power – electrical Stand-alone, Small home systems battery charging Small commercial/community systems Water pumping Telecommunications Navigation aids Wind power – electrical Stand-alone, Commercial systems autonomous diesel Remote settlements Mini-grid systems
Wind power – mechanical Water pumping Drinking water supply Irrigation pumping Sea-salt production Dewatering Wind power – mechanical Other Milling grain Driving other, often agricultural, machines Wind turbines do, however, generate electricity intermittently in correlation to the underlying fluctuation of the wind. Because wind turbines do not produce power constantly and at their rated power (which is only achieved at higher wind speeds) capacity factors (i.e. actual annual energy output divided by the theoretical maximum output) are typically between 20 per cent to 30 per cent. One of the principal areas of concerns of wind energy is its variable power output, which can create network problems as the share of intermittent generation on the grid rises.
b) Wind Energy India is surpassed only by Germany as one of the world's fastest growing markets for wind energy. By the mid 1990s, the subcontinent was installing more wind generating capacity than North America, Denmark, Britain, and the Netherlands. The ten machines near Okha in the province of Gujarat were some of the first wind turbines installed in India. These 15-meter Vestas wind turbines overlook the Arabian Sea. Now, in 2006, there is an installed capacity of 4,430 MW; however, ten times that potential, or 46,092 MW, exists.
Advantages of Wind Power: F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ It is one of the most environment friendly, clean and safe energy resources. F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ It has the lowest gestation period as compared to conventional energy. F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ Equipment erection and commissioning involve only a few months. F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ There is no fuel consumption, hence low operating costs. F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ Maintenance costs are low. F 0 9 5
F 0 2 0^ The capital cost is comparable with conventional power plants. For a wind farm, the capital cost ranges between 4.5 crores to 5.5 crores, depending on the site and the wind electric generator (WEG) selected for installation
The wind power potential on a national level, base data collected from 10 states considering only 1% of land availability, is around 46,092 MW.
