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An in-depth exploration of the historical development of mathematics in the uk, focusing on significant events, discoveries, and influential mathematicians from the early 1900s to the late 1990s. The document delves into various mathematical concepts, theories, and their applications, offering valuable insights for students and researchers in the field.
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blfy, mUgsa vkèkqfud dchj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA Nk;koknksÙkj nkSj osQ os ,sls vosQys dfo gSa] ftudh dfork xk¡o dh pkSikyksa vkSj lkfgfR;d nqfu;k esa leku :i ls yksdfiz; jghA os okLrfod vFkks± esa tudfo gSaA lkef;d cksèk ls xgjkbZ ls tqM+s ukxktqZu dh vkanksyuèkehZ dforkvksa dks O;kid yksdfiz;rk feyhA ukxktqZu us Nanksa esa dkO;&jpuk dh vkSj eqDr Nan esa HkhA ;g narqfjr eqLkdku dfork esa NksVs cPps dh euksgkjh eqLkdku ns[kdj dfo osQ eu esa tks Hkko meM+rs gSa mUgsa dfork esa vusd ¯ccksa osQ ekè;e ls izdV fd;k x;k gSA dfo dk ekuuk gS fd bl lqanjrk esa gh thou dk lans'k gSA bl lqanjrk dh O;kfIr ,slh gS fd dBksj ls dBksj eu Hkh fi?ky tk,A bl narqfjr eqLkdku dh eksgdrk rc vkSj c<+ tkrh gS tc mlosQ lkFk u”kjksa dk ck¡diu tqM+ tkrk gSA iQly 'kCn lqurs gh [ksrksa esa ygygkrh iQly vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus vk tkrh gSA ijarq iQly gS D;k vkSj mls iSnk djus esa fdu&fdu rRoksa dk ;ksxnku gksrk gS] bls crk;k gS ukxktqZu us viuh dfork iQly esaA dfork ;g Hkh js[kkafdr djrh gS fd izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ lg;kssx ls gh l`tu laHko gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk dh xfr vkSj y; dfork dks izHkko'kkyh cukrh gSA dguk u gksxk fd ;g dfork gesa miHkksDrk&laLÑfr osQ nkSj esa Ñf"k&laLÑfr osQ fudV ys tkrh gSA
f{kfrt
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Nw x;k rqels fd >jus yx iM+s 'ksiQkfydk osQ iwQy ck¡l Fkk fd ccwy
rqe eq>s ik, ugha igpku
ns[krs gh jgksxs vfues"k! Fkd x, gks
vk¡[k yw¡ eSa isQj
D;k gqvk ;fn gks losQ ifjfpr u igyh ckj
;fn rqEgkjh ek¡ u ekè;e cuh gksrh vkt eSa u ldrk ns[k eSa u ikrk tku rqEgkjh ;g narqfjr eqldku èkU; rqe] ek¡ Hkh rqEgkjh èkU;! fpj izoklh eSa brj] eSa vU;! bl vfrfFk ls fiz; rqEgkjk D;k jgk laioZQ m¡xfy;k¡ ek¡ dh djkrh jgh gSa eèkqioZQ ns[krs rqe bèkj du[kh ekj vkSj gksrha tc fd vk¡[ksa pkj rc rqEgkjh narqfjr eqldku eq>s yxrh cM+h gh Nfoeku!
,d osQ ugha] nks osQ ugha] <sj lkjh ufn;ksa osQ ikuh dk tknw% ,d osQ ugha] nks osQ ugha] yk[k&yk[k dksfV&dksfV gkFkksa osQ Li'kZ dh xfjek% ,d dh ugha]
ukxktqZu
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nks dh ugha] g”kkj&g”kkj [ksrksa dh fe^h dk xq.k /eZ%
iQly D;k gS
vkSj rks oqQN ugha gS og ufn;ksa osQ ikuh dk tknw gS og gkFkksa osQ Li'kZ dh efgek gS Hkwjh&dkyh&lanyh fe^h dk xq.k /eZ gS :ikarj gS lwjt dh fdj.kksa dk fleVk gqvk ladksp gS gok dh fFkjdu dk!
1- cPps dh narqfjr eqldku dk dfo osQ eu ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS
2- cPps dh eqldku vkSj ,d cM+s O;fDr dh eqldku esa D;k varj gS
3- dfo us cPps dh eqldku osQ lkSan;Z dks fdu&fdu ¯ccksa osQ ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k gS
4- Hkko Li"V dhft,μ (d) NksM+dj rkykc esjh >kasiM+h esa f[ky jgs tytkrA ([k) Nw x;k rqels fd >jus yx iM+s 'ksiQkfydk osQ iwQy ck¡l Fkk fd ccwy\
5- eqldku vkSj ozQksèk fHkUu&fHkUu Hkko gSaA budh mifLFkfr ls cus okrkoj.k dh fHkUurk dk fp=k.k dhft,A 6- narqfjr eqldku ls cPps dh mez dk vuqeku yxkb, vkSj roZQ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A
7- cPps ls dfo dh eqykdkr dk tks 'kCn&fp=k mifLFkr gqvk gS mls vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
ukxktqZu
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narqfjr & cPpksa osQ u,&u, nk¡r /wfy&/wlj xkr & /wy fe^h ls lus vax&izR;ax tytkr & dey dk iwQy vfues"k & fcuk iyd >idk, yxkrkj ns[kuk brj & nwljk eèkqioZQ & ngh] ?kh] 'kgn] ty vkSj nw/ dk ;ksx tks nsork vkSj vfrfFk osQ lkeus j[kk tkrk gSA vke yksx bls iapke`r dgrs gSa] dfork esa bldk iz;ksx cPps dks thou nsus okyk vkReh;rk dh feBkl ls ;qDr ek¡ osQ I;kj osQ :i esa gqvk gS du[kh & frjNh fuxkg ls ns[kuk Nfoeku & lqanj