Language and Structural Techniques
Language
Structure
Noun๎: a person, place, thing, idea
Simple sentence๎: contains one clause with a subject and verb
Verb๎: an action or state
Compound sentence๎: contains two independent clauses that
are related and joined with a conjunction
Modal Verb๎: expresses necessity or possibility
Complex sentence๎: contains one or more subordinate clause
Imperative: ๎gives an order or command
Impact sentence or Fragment๎: contains three or less words
Adverb๎: modifies a verb, adjective, adverb or phrase
Repetition๎: a word or phrase that is used more than once
Adjective๎: describes a noun
Triple๎: three adjectives or phrases used to describe something
Pronoun๎: used in place of a noun
Juxtaposition๎: two things placed together to highlight the
contrast between them
Superlative๎: an adjective showing the highest quality or degree
Anaphora๎: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning
of successive clauses
Symbolism๎: the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities
Listing๎: a number of connected items written one after the
other to emphasise a particular quality
Alliteration๎: the same letter or sound at the start of adjacent
words
Links between paragraphs๎: a recurring idea, character or
object in two or more paragraphs to foreground the
importance
Metaphor๎: direct comparison of two things without using โlikeโ
or โasโ
Shifts in focus๎: the change of focus in or between paragraphs
Simile๎: comparing two things using โlikeโ or โasโ
Zooming in and out๎: the narrowing or widening of the
narrative focus.
Personification๎: the giving of human characteristics to a
non-human object
Chronological structure๎: arranged in the order of time
Semantic field๎: the use of a group of words that all link to the
same topic
Flashback / Flashforward๎: set earlier or later than the main
narrative
Hyperbole๎: exaggeration that should not be taken literally
Links between the beginning and ending๎: a narrative link
between the start and end of a text
Imagery๎: vivid description of a particular scene
Exposition๎: introduction of background information on
characters, events or settings to help anchor the reader
Auditory imagery๎: vivid description of sounds
Climax๎: the most intense point in the development of the
narrative
Tactile imagery๎: vivid description of physical sensation
Narrative voice๎: 1st / 2nd / 3rd person
Olfactory imagery๎: vivid description of smell
Direct speech๎: the speech of a character in โโ
Gustatory imagery๎: vivid description of taste / flavour
Tense: ๎past, present, future
Kinesthetic imagery๎: vivid description of movement or body
position
Foreshadow: ๎an advance hint of what is to come later
