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Languages O`levels Notes, Lecture notes of History

History

These notes contain all details that are needed to be known by students while attempting a question about languaged in the CIE`S

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020

Uploaded on 08/04/2020

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Languages
Urdu National Language of Pakistan
After independence Quaid e Azam declared Urdu as a national language of
Pakistan . He said “ Let me make it clear that the national language of Pak is going
to be Urdu and no other language without state language no nation can remain
tied up together”
Urdu evolved over a period of years by cultural between the local people of sub
continent and the Muslims of Iran , Turkey and Arabia , It is derived from Aryan
language and it`s scripted is based in Persian
Due to the efforts of poets and writers during different period of history , Urdu
progressed and reached all over the sub continent . Over the period of time the
language has improved and get simple and easy to understand . After the
independence of Pakistan , a great deal of work has been done for the progress of
Urdu language . Urdu is the combining factor for the people of Pak. and Pakistani
people are proud of speaking , reading and writing Urdu several committees have
also been formed which are contributing to improve prestige of the Urdu
language
Perhaps the major reason of Urdu being chosen was the fact that it was closely
associated with Pakistan movement , Urdu was supported by Sir Syed and AMIL
was formed not only to defend Muslims but also to support and protect Urdu .
AMIL was the base of muslim unity , Quaid was particularly keen to promote Urdu
as he saw it a unifying force .
Urdu is a source of national identity as we all around the world are recognized by
this language . Urdu have a very strong literature background which impacts a
current literature as well . Poets and writers like ; Shibli Nomani, Maulana Hali,
Nazir Ahmed, Mirza Ghalib, Amir Khusro and many others are remembered in
golden words in history because of their work in and for Urdu . Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan himself played a very weighty role in the progress of Urdu .
Besides all of this Urdu is an central part of our cultural heritage , this language is
the main mean of brotherhood and unity as it is one of the thing all Pakistanis
have in common .As all Pakistanis speak same language by this they get attracted
to each other and obviously Pakistanis growth and success depends upon their
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Languages Urdu National Language of Pakistan After independence Quaid e Azam declared Urdu as a national language of Pakistan. He said “ Let me make it clear that the national language of Pak is going to be Urdu and no other language without state language no nation can remain tied up together” Urdu evolved over a period of years by cultural between the local people of sub continent and the Muslims of Iran , Turkey and Arabia , It is derived from Aryan language and it`s scripted is based in Persian Due to the efforts of poets and writers during different period of history , Urdu progressed and reached all over the sub continent. Over the period of time the language has improved and get simple and easy to understand. After the independence of Pakistan , a great deal of work has been done for the progress of Urdu language. Urdu is the combining factor for the people of Pak. and Pakistani people are proud of speaking , reading and writing Urdu several committees have also been formed which are contributing to improve prestige of the Urdu language Perhaps the major reason of Urdu being chosen was the fact that it was closely associated with Pakistan movement , Urdu was supported by Sir Syed and AMIL was formed not only to defend Muslims but also to support and protect Urdu. AMIL was the base of muslim unity , Quaid was particularly keen to promote Urdu as he saw it a unifying force. Urdu is a source of national identity as we all around the world are recognized by this language. Urdu have a very strong literature background which impacts a current literature as well. Poets and writers like ; Shibli Nomani, Maulana Hali, Nazir Ahmed, Mirza Ghalib, Amir Khusro and many others are remembered in golden words in history because of their work in and for Urdu. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan himself played a very weighty role in the progress of Urdu. Besides all of this Urdu is an central part of our cultural heritage , this language is the main mean of brotherhood and unity as it is one of the thing all Pakistanis have in common .As all Pakistanis speak same language by this they get attracted to each other and obviously Pakistanis growth and success depends upon their

binding and brotherhood. As nationally Urdu is spoken all over Pak. So because of this there is no provincialism , as people do live in different area but they have one common national language that represent everyone either it`s a Punjabi , Sindhi or anyone Urdu is their representation. Urdu is a medium of education till MA level , besides this it is a source of expression, feeling and thoughts People of two different areas can easily understood each other ideas and thoughts by Urdu. Urdu is a binding aspect of Pakistan , our mean of communication is Urdu and we function in our daily life with the support of Urdu .It is the prime mark of identification of our nation and being Pakistanis we all should constantly work on the progress and promotion of our Mother Language Urdu.

Pashto Pashto also known as “Afghani” or “Pathani” is the regional language of KPK , there than this it is also spoken in FATA, Attock, Balochistan,Miawali and other places. The language is influenced by Persian , Greek and Arabic , there are approximately 8 million Pashtu speaking in Pak. Although Pushto is an old language but its literature is comparatively new one. After independence Pashto literature received a great boost. The services extracted by the Pashto poets and writers in the freedom struggle, in fact contributed a great deal towards the promotion of Pashto literature. In Pashto development Pashto Poets contributed a lot among them are Amir Karoro , Khushal Khan Khatak , Rehman Baba , Sher Shah Soori , Sif ullah and many more. Among the steps of developing this language ,Sahibzada Abdul Qayum worked tirelessly to increase the political awareness in the people of NWFP & because of his efforts Islamia College was set up in Peshawar where Pashto was taught & soon it became the centre of freedom. Within three years of independence, Peshawar University was established where Pashto is taught up to Post Graduate level , this whole contribution really played a vital role in the development of Pashto .In addition to all these steps an academy for the promotion of Pashto was set up in 1954 & it was initially headed by Maulana Abdul Qadir.This academy prepared a dictionary of Pashto language which is widely accepted. Punjabi Punjabi is the most spoken provincial language , it is commonly spoken and understood by 85% of the Pakistani population. Punjabi is the local language of the province of the Punjab which is the biggest province of Pakistan with regard to population and development. It is a very simple language and easy to understand. It was given various names during different periods of history , it`s named as Multani , Al-Hindi,Zuban-e-Jattan and many more. Punjabi has been influenced by many other languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Persian, Arabic, Hindi, and Turkish & English.After Urdu Punjabi literature has prospered the most , early Punjabi literature consists of folk tales among them are Heer Ranjha,Sassi- Pannu,Sohni Mahiwal are widely known other than this Sufii poets such as Baba Farid Ganjshakar,Sultan Baho wrote their famous works in Punjabi. Bullhe shah composed spiritual & melodious Kafis which are commonly sung in todays time.

After Independence concrete steps were taken for the promotion and development of this language which made it a popular language in other parts of the province. Many novels, short stories & dramas were published in Punjabi but later books on academic subjects like Law, Medicine, and History & Philosophy have also been published in this language. Punjabi poetry is famous and it introduced new mediums, such as ghazal & nazam. Besides this Quran has also been translated in this language by Mohammad Ali Faiq. The radio, television & the film have provided immense impetus to the recent Punjabi writing. Punjabi films have gained unprecedented popularity. Punjabi theatre is also very famous.