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Model - Answers-One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about how computers function Task - Answers-Write a program that does soemthing Algorithm - Answers-Breaking the task down ( Flow chart) Program - Answers-Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code Instruction Set Architecture - Answers-Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program Microarchitecture - Answers-The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to make a microarchitecture Logic Gates - Answers-Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with. Devices - Answers-A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge which is manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0 Abstraction - Answers-A mental model that removes complex details Generation zero - Answers-mechanical calculating machines Generation zero (year) - Answers- 1642 - 1945
CNIT 176 FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
First Generation - Answers-Vacuum Tube computers First Generation (year) - Answers- 1945 - 1953 Second Generation - Answers-Transistorized computers Second Generation (year) - Answers- 1954 - 1965 Transistor - Answers-Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap Magnetic Core - Answers-Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly Magnetic Disks - Answers-Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly Third Generation - Answers-Integrated circuit computers Third Generation (year) - Answers- 1965 - 1980 Integrated circuits - Answers-Replaces circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable Terminal - Answers-An input/output device with a keyboard and screen Fourth Generation - Answers-VLSI Computers Fourth Generation (year) - Answers- 1980 - ???? Moore's Law - Answers-The density of transistors in an integrated circuit will double every year Rock's law - Answers-The cost of capital equipment to build semiconductors will double every four years System - Answers-A collection of components linked together and organized in such a way as to be recognized as a single unit Enviroment - Answers-Anything outside of the system System architecture - Answers-The fundamental properties, and the patterns of relationships, connections, constraints. and linkages among the components and between the system and its environment Client-Server computing - Answers-A program on a client computer requests services from a program on a server computer
Page description language - Answers-List of procedures and statements that describe each of the objects to be printed on a page Streaming video - Answers-Video displayed in real time as it is downloaded from the web server MIDI ( musical instrument digital interface) - Answers-instructions to recreate or synthesize sounds Sampling rate - Answers-Number of times per second that sound is measured during the recording process MP3 - Answers-Predominant digital audio data format. Uses psycho acoustic lossy compression WAV - Answers-developed by Microsoft as part of its multimedia specification. General - purpose format for storing and reproducing small snippets of sound Boolean - Answers- 2 - valued variables or constants with valves of true or false Char - Answers-Variable or constant that holds alphanumeric character Enumerated - Answers-User-defined data types with possible valves listed in definition Integer - Answers-Positive or negative whole numbers Real numbers - Answers-Numbers with a decimal point. Numbers whose magnitude, large or small, exceeds computer's capability to store as an integer EBCDIC (Extended Binary coded decimal Interchange code) - Answers-Was one of the first widely-used computer codes that supported upper and lowercase alphabetic characters, in addition to special characters, such as punctuation and control characters Unicode - Answers-Most common 16-bit form represents 65,536 characters. Newest and bestest Bit ( Binary + Digit) - Answers-Smallest unit of info. It is a state of "on" or "off" Byte - Answers-8 bits. A byte is the smallest possible addressable unit of computer storage Word - Answers-Two or more adjacent bytes ( continuous group of bytes). Can be any number of bits or bytes Word size - Answers-best size handled by the computer's architecture
Nibble (Nybble) - Answers-4 bits, half a byte Radix - Answers-Any integer quantity can be represented exactly using any base Overflow ( too large) - Answers-having a magnitude ( positive or negative) that is too great a distance from zero Underflow ( too small) - Answers-A value so close to zero as not being able to be represented as anything but zero AND gate - Answers-Output is HIGH only when all inputs are HIGH. OR gate - Answers-A logic gate that has two inputs. If either or both of the two inputs is '1', its output is '1'. NOT gate - Answers-A logic gate that outputs the opposite value to the input NAND gate - Answers-an inverted AND gate XOR gate - Answers-Result is true if either input is true but not if both inputs are true NOR gate - Answers-an inverted OR gate XNOR gate - Answers-inverted XOR gate Universal logic gates - Answers-NAND and NOR All components comprising a computer system except for the ________ , are considered peripherals. a.CPU b.CPU and Memory c.CPU, Memory, and Power Source d.CPU, Memory, Disk Drives, and Power Source - Answers-c Which of the following is true about black-box testing? a. The testing is performed by dedicated testers b. The test cases are based on the code c. The test cases are based on the output d.The test cases are based on the input - Answers-d Which type of network is used to interconnect local area networks? The primary motivation for this type of network is to improve overall performance of a larger network by creating separate local area networks for groups of users who communicate primary with each other. a. link networks
d. random access files - Answers-b Fragmentation of a disk occurs when a. files are deleted b. files are moved c. files grow too large for their anticipated storage and must be moved d. all of the above - Answers-d In a(n) ___________ hub, all of the connections at the hub are simply tied together inside the hub and the hub performs no operation or modification of the signals as they arrive at the hub. a) active b) layer 3 c) passive d) intelligent - Answers-c Which type of topology describes the actual layout of the wiring for the network? a) virtual b) logical c) tangible d) physical - Answers-d Which of the following topologies consists of point-to-point connections from each node on the network to the next node; the last node on the network is connected back to the first and there is no central hub? a) star b) bus c) ring d) mesh - Answers-c Which of the following topologies is used primarily for local area networks; all nodes are connected point-to-point to a central device that uses switching technology to connect pairs of nodes together? a) star b) bus c) ring d) mesh - Answers-a Each wireless unit is connected by radio to a base station _____________ that is somewhat equivalent to a hub. a) media site b) access site c) media point d) access point - Answers-d
In a(n) _____ hub, all of the connections at the hub are simply tied together inside thehub and the hub performsno operationor modification of the signals as they arrive at the hub. a) active b) layer 3 c) passive d) intelligent - Answers-c Operation of a metropolitan area network (MAN) generally requires a) access servers. b) peering agreements c) right of way access. d) fiber optic transmission - Answers-c Which of the following is not true about datagram switching? a) TCP/IP rarely uses datagram switching. b) Each packet is routed from node to node independently. c) A routing decision can be based on shortest path to next node. d) A routing decision can be based on traffic conditions at the time of packet arrival - Answers-a Which of the following use computer-based operating systems? a)Mobile phone b)Business system c)E-reader and notebooks d)All of the above - Answers-d What processor technique provides the means for starting the computer? a) Concurrency b)Initial program loader c)User provided programs d)Programs already stored in RAM - Answers-b To identify the network application requesting service, the transport protocol identifies the application that created the message and the application that is to receive the message with a) port numbers. b) application numbers. c) network node numbers. d) application address numbers - Answers-a Which operating system function is responsible for providing a consistent view of files across different I/O devices? a) Memory management b) The file management system c) The input/output control system
c) logical view d) physical view - Answers-d Some applications require that records be retrievable from anywhere in the file in an arbitrary sequence. These files are known as ___________. a) serial files b) logical files c) sequential files d) random access files - Answers-d One common method for retrieving records randomly from a file uses one field, known as the __________ field, as an index to identify the proper record. a) key b) main c) target d) critical - Answers-a The __________________ is part of the filename and is used to identify the file type. a) file prefix b) file location c) file argument d) file extension - Answers-d Some systems allow a data file to specify the program it is to be used with. This property is called a(n) a) association. b) attachment. c) relationship. d) membership. - Answers-a A____ consists of binary data, where the bytes of data in the file represent the sequence of instructions that make up a program. The file is loaded sequentially into succeeding locations in memory for execution. a)Data file b)ASCII file c)Program file d)Directory file - Answers-c The _______________ is the smallest unit that the file management system can store or retrieve in a single read or write operation. a) sector b) chunk c) cluster d) byte - Answers-c
Which of the following is an example of a file operation that manipulates the file directory, rather than the file itself? a) Delete a file b) Rename a file c) Append one file to another d) All of the above - Answers-d _________ access is fast, since no seek time is required to find each succeeding record assuming that the file is stored contiguously. a) Random b) Parallel c) Sequential d) Record-based - Answers-c If the allocation unit size is too small, a) file access is slower. b) there is less overhead to track each allocation unit. c) there is more unused space at the end of most allocation units. d) All of the above - Answers-a Most user commands to the operating system are actually requests to the ________ manager. a) I/O b) file c) memory d) processor - Answers-b Which of the following are functions that are performed by a program rather than by a user? a) Open a file and create a file pointer b) Read a number of bytes from a file c) Move the file pointer a number of bytes a distance forward or backward d) All of the above - Answers-d Typing command DIR PROG?.TXT in a Windows directory will return which files? a) PROG.DAT b) PROG1.TXT c) PROG3.TXT d) All of the above - Answers-d When new I/O devices are added, or the device is changed, it is necessary only to replace the a) configuration file.
c.network storage. d.secondary storage - Answers-d In a disk drive where the drive motor turns at constant angular velocity, which is true of the linear velocity? a.inner tracks move the fastest b.outer racks move the fastest c.middle tracks move the fastest d.all tracks move at the same speed - Answers-b In a mirrored array with 4 disks, each of the disks stores exactly the same data. The access time for a multiblock read is reduced by a factor of about ______. a.two b.four c.eight d.sixteen - Answers-b The technique used for storage and retrieval in an LTO formatted data cartridge is called a) data torrent. b) LTO tasking. c) data continuity. d) data streaming - Answers-d Displays that use 256 (Red) × 256 (Green) × 256 (Blue) different colors on the screen is sometimes described as a a.true color system b.virtual color system. c.ultra high density system. d.high density color system - Answers-a An International standard maintained by a non - profit consortium to render 2-D and 3-D objects is known as a.OpenGL. b.DirectX. c.ActiveX. d.OpenSource - Answers-a Which display technology consists of a thin display panel that contains red, green, and blue LEDs for each pixel with transistors for each LED that generate electrical current to light the LED? a.CRT b.LCD c.FED d.OLED - Answers-d
Application program interface services allow a program to access network services. Some network operating systems also provide access to services on remote machines that might not be available locally. These services are called a. server-client calls (SCCs). b. object procedure calls (OPCs). c. remote procedure calls (RPCs). d. network method calls (NMCs). - Answers-c The file system must maintain a directory structure for each device. In most cases, the directory for each device is stored on the device itself. In many computer systems, each file system is called a a. disk. b. volume. c. directory. d. partition. - Answers-b A Bluetooth network consists of one master node and to seven slave nodes. When connecting, the master node transmits an initial packet, called a____________, that provides time synchronization for each slave. a) block b) frame c) sequence d) large data packet - Answers-c Which of the following is a basic service that the operating system provides? a) Manages, loads, and executes programs b) Accepts and processes commands from user c) Manages the hardware resources of the computer d) All of the above - Answers-d On a modern hard disk, what is the typical size of a block of data? a) 64 bytes b) 128 bytes c) 512 bytes d) 1024 bytes - Answers-c Many systems provide a means for dividing physical devices, particularly disks, into independent sections called
d) Each strand is thinner than a human hair and may be tens or hundreds of miles long.
- Answers-b The time it takes for the hard-disk read/write head to move from one track to another is called a) latency. b) seek time. c) flight time d) arrival time - Answers-b
