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What you need to know for test 2
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Exam 2 (200 points) x Determine the limiting reactant from starting amounts and a balanced chemical equation. x Distinguish between theoretical and actual yields. x Calculate theoretical and percent yields based on the limiting reactant. x Distinguish between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes using chemical formulas or pictures. x Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes using chemical formulas or pictures. x Describe and distinguish between the parts of a solution. x Calculate molarity and use it as a conversion factor. x Calculate moles of substances or solution volumes when a solution is diluted or concentrated. x Identify precipitation reactions from word descriptions, chemical equations, or pictures. x Predict if an ionic compound is soluble in water based on the solubility rules. x Predict the products of precipitation reactions using the solubility rules. x Write full molecular and net ionic equations for precipitation reactions. x Identify acid-base reactions from word descriptions, chemical equations, or pictures. x Distinguish between acids and bases using the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions. x Distinguish between strong and weak acids using chemical formulas or pictures. x Predict the products of acid-base reactions. x Write full molecular and net ionic equations for acid-base reactions. x Calculate concentration and amount of substance for reactants or products after reaction in solution. x Calculate oxidation states for elements and atoms in compounds using the rules. x Identify oxidation-reduction reactions from word descriptions or chemical equations. x Distinguish between oxidation and reduction. x Write oxidation and reduction half-reactions. x Balance simple oxidation-reduction reactions using the half-reaction method. x Distinguish between oxidizing and reducing agents.
x Convert among pressure units. x Calculate gas pressure using closed- or open-ended manometer data. x Predict pressure, volume, temperature, and amount changes from word descriptions or pictures using Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Avogadro’s laws. x Calculate pressure, volume, temperature, and amount changes using Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Avogadro’s laws. x Define Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) conditions. x Calculate pressure, volume, temperature, and amount using the ideal gas equation. x Calculate pressure, volume, amount, and temperature changes using the combined gas equation. x Predict pressure, volume, amount, and temperature changes from word descriptions or pictures using the combined gas equation. x Calculate the molar mass and density of a gas sample or mixture using derivations of the ideal gas law. x Predict density changes in a gas sample or mixture using ideal gas relations. x Compare the behavior of gas samples based on their densities. x Calculate gas-phase reaction amounts using the Law of Combining Volumes.