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A part of the lecture notes for the astr1030 course at the university of colorado boulder, fall 2008. The notes cover topics on orbits, newton's form of kepler's third law, types of energy, and the changing orbits of planets. Students are expected to read chapters 4-5 and attend a midterm help session and midterm exam. The document also includes formulas and examples.
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ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 1
http://lasp.colorado.edu/~ergun/
Homework #2 Due Today
Midterm Help Session: Thursday, Sept. 25, 5:00 - 6:30 pm; SBO
Midterm Friday, Sept. 26.
ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 2
ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 4
is the energy from motion.
Potential Energy
is stored energy that can be converted (gravitational, chemi-
cal, electrical). Radiative Energy
is energy carried by light.
Thermal Energy
is a type kinetic energy often called heat.
is the measure of the average kinetic energy of a particle within
a object. Thermal Energy, or heat,
is the total kinetic energy in an object.
1 --- mv 2
2 = E mgh = G
ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 5
is the amount of energy it takes to raise one gram of water by 1
oC.
1 Calorie
that you eat is actually 1000 calories. In Europe, they call it a kcal. 1 joule
(~1/4 of a calorie) is the standard MKS unit favored by science. A^ BTU
(British thermal unit) is often used on appliances and a measure of nat- ural gas energy use. 1 Kilowatt-hour
is 3.6 x
6 joules. Often used to measure electrical energy.
is the rate of energy use, e. g. the amount of energy used in a period of time: 1 Watt
is a joule/s. A^ Horsepower
is often used to indicate the power output of engines.
Power
Energy ------------------ Time
ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 7
Escape Formula:
v^
2 GM ------------ r
ASTR1030 - FALL, 2008. LECTURE 10; PAGE 8
Example: How fast must a spacecraft go to escape Earth?
v^
2 GM ------------ r
m ---- s ,
