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ARTIST AND ARTISANS An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art
Typology: Summaries
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representation and expression, and form. THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERS Plato (428 – 347 BC) He is the philosopher who said that artists should be banned in our society.
An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jeweLlery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. THE SUBJECT OF AN ARTWORK The term subject in arts refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork.The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece. Non-representational or non-objective art, on the other hand, refers to compositions which do not rely on representation or mimesis to any extent. Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are related terms that indicate a departure from reality in the depiction of imagery in art. THE SOURCES OF SUBJECT Nature- Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical
defeat and was introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Expressionists believe that man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society. LESSON 2 - THE DIFFERENT MEDIA OF THE VISUAL ARTS I. Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts A. Drawing The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts. a. Different Media for Drawing:
1. Pencils- Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or thickness from thick to needle-like. SHADING TECHNIQUES Hatching - same direction lines. Cross-hatching - crisscrossing lines. Stippling - A dot patterns Blending- May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump. Ink- It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use. Pastel- dry pigment held 3 Kinds of Pastel Soft Pastel Hard Pastel Oil Pastel PASTEL TECHNIQUES Stippling- Using pastel of different colors. Feathering - Using the point of the pastel to make parallel. Scumbling -It is like layering but using pastel. Impasto- The technique of thickly applying the pastel. Sgraffito -applies a thick deposit of pastel. Charcoa l-An organic medium that comes from burnt wood. 2 KINDS OF CHARCOAL: Compressed Charcoal - The vine Charcoal. Manufactured Charcoal- Made from loose charcoal Paper- The most common surface used in two-dimensional art. 3 TYPES OF PAPER: Hot-pressed Paper - Smooth Cold-pressed Paper - Has moderate texture. Rough Paper - Has the most texture (tooth). Painting- It is the process of applying paint. PIGMENT - gives color. DIFFERENT MEDIA FOR PAINTING Watercolor- Pigments are mixed with water Gouache- The pigment has been mixed with Water(chalk) Oil Paints- Pigments are mixed with oil
Tempera- Pigment is mixed with egg yolk Fresco -It is used for mural paintings. Acrylic- Modern medium with synthetic paint using. Mosaic -small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones Collage -Derived from a French word “coller” which means to stick. Printmaking -Process used for making reproductions of graphic works. Printmaking Techniques: Relief Printing (Raised)- The oldest method of printmaking. Intaglio Printing (Depressed)- Plate for the image Surface Printing(flat)- Includes all process II. PLASTIC ORTHREE-DIMENSIONAL ARTS Sculpture- Originated from the Latin word “sculpere” 3 KINDS OF SCULPTURES: Freestanding- Sculptures which can be viewed from all sides. Relief- Sculptures in which the figures project from a background. TWO VARIATIONS OF RELIEF SCULPTURE:
Light and shadow focuses on what is known as achromatic value is the technique of manipulating
tenebrism or “dark manner”.
Lesson 3 - Shape and Classification of Shapes Shapes – In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of a line meet to enclose an area Picture plane - any flat surface onto which the artwork is created. Negative shapes - these are between the shapes that are not occupied by any form ● Non-objective or biomorphic shapes
Implied movement - results when a variety of lines are used together, repeated, change in position, or decreased/increased in size. Elements of the Combined Arts Lesson 5 - Elements of Music ● Rhythm - is a movement or pattern with uniform recurrence of accented and accented beat ● Melody - is the succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give it a musical sense. It may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune in time. ● Harmony - is the sounding of a series of groups of tones in the same time. It may also refer to the pleasing sound that is produced when two or more notes are played together. Concordance results when the combination of sounds are in agreement which makes it sound good while dissonance results when the combination is not pleasant to hear. ● Timbre - is tonal quality or the character of the tone that is produced by an instrument or by the human voice. Timbre allows the listener to distinguish the sound between a guitar and a violin for example. In the same way, people can be identified by their voices. A man’s voice sounds different from a woman’s voice and an old person’s voice is different from that of a child. ● Form - is the structure or the framework of a composition Vocal Forms ■Opera is a drama set to music complete with actions, costumes and scenery ■Cantata is a religious story told in music without actions ■Moro-moro is a Philippine drama set to music which depicts the conflict between the Christians and the Muslims. Instrumental Forms Sonata is a long composition for solo instruments (piano, Violin) Symphony is a sonata for the orchestra Dynamics - is the loudness and softness of the sound in music indicated by symbols to regulate the volume of the sound. pp pianissimo - very soft p piano - soft mp mezo piano - half soft ff fortissimo - very loud crescendo - gradually becoming louder decrescendo - gradually becoming softer Elements of Dance ● Music plays an important role in the dance to which it is closely related. It should be melodic and harmonious and fits into the movements of the dance. Music motivates the dancers to move in tune with its rhythm. The background music of the dance functions to captivate the interest and awe of the audience. ● Movement is how the dancers use their bodies to move and create organized patterns. Dancers also use gestures which express specific emotions or ideas in sign Language. ● Choreography refers to how the steps and movements are connected for it to be performed in an organized manner. The choreography guides the dancers’ movements for them to perform the movement, convey the message and tell the story through body language. ● Technique is the skill of the dancer in executing the movements. A good dancer has complete control over the muscles of the body thus creating grace and fluidity of movements. ● Theme is the content or the main ingredient of the dance. It tells what the dance is trying to convey. It has something to do with the message of the dance.
● Design is the planned organization or patterns of movement in time and space. Pattern in time, is provided by rhythm to be executed in space on a stage or dance floor. ● Costume. The type of dance performed and the costumes worn relate closely to the customs, beliefs, and environment of the people. Costumes enhance the effect of the dance. Lesson 6 - Elements of Drama Drama is basically one of the genres of literature that is written primarily to be performed. The performance is done by actors on stage before a live audience. ● Plot is the overall structure of the play. It is concerned about what the story is all about. Traditional plots have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. The Plot progresses through the following: Exposition is the part that familiarizes the audience with the characters and the situation they are in. Complication happens in the middle part of the play which develops the conflict that was started in the exposition. Resolution is also called the anticlimax or the part where conditions in the story are normalized and the situation becomes stable. ● Setting is the locale and period in which the story takes place. It includes the scenery, props and costumes used in staging. It is the background of the play that informs the audience where and when the story will take place. ● Characters are the persons involved in the story. They may seem real to the audience depending on how the playwright structures the dialogues to make the characters come to life. Characters can be the protagonist or the antagonist. Protagonist is the character from which the story revolves around while the antagonist is the person who challenges the role of the protagonist. ● Dialogue refers to the words uttered by the characters in the story. It what the characters use when conversing with each other or when expressing his thoughts an demotions. Dialogues let the audience know the kind of character that the actor is portraying. There are, however, plays with no dialogues. Pantomimes rely heavily on actions, gestures, facial expression and sound effects. ● Theme is what the story means. It is how the individual elements are put together to give the story significance and perspective. It relates something about life that is presented in its totality. The theme may be directly or indirectly stated. Lesson 7 - Elements of Theater Theater art is performed live. Its performance is immediate and once performed cannot be undone. Its magic begins when the curtains are raised and the stage lights go on. ● The Playwright’s role is to work out the plot in terms of the actual actions to be performed and dialogue to be spoken by actors within the limited facilities of the stage. ● The Performers are the ones who portray the characters in a play. ● The Director works with the playwright to present which is interpreted and translated into dramatic action. ● Production Design includes the scenery, props, make-up, costumes, lights,
■ Secondary context pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in which the work was produced. Included here are the functions served by the art work, its religious and philosophical conviction, socio political and economical undertones, climate and geography.
mixed with water and chalk like material to give it an opaque effect -Gouache II. True or False Direction: Choose if True if the statement is True and False is the statements is False.