Lesson 1: Humanities and the Arts, Summaries of Performing arts

ARTIST AND ARTISANS An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art

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Lesson 1: Humanities and the Arts
“Man is the measure of all things” -
Protagoras
Humanities
came from the Latin word “humanus” which
means human, cultured and refined.
“Humanity scholars” or
“humanists” – Scholars in the
humanities. It also describes the
philosophical position of
humanism.
Vitruvian Man of Leonardo Da
Vinci
It means “Connecting Man to
Nature.”
This image demonstrates the blend
of mathematics and art during the
renaissance period.
Encyclopedia Britannica online states,
“Leonardo envisaged the great picture chart
of human body he had produced through
his anatomical drawings and Vitruvian Man
as a cosmografia del minor mondo
(cosmography of microcosm). He believed
that workings of human body to be an
analogy for the working of the universe.”
All about humanities:
Humanities contains the records of man’s
quest for answers to the fundamental
questions he asks himself and about the
world we live in.
Humanities studies man and the manner in
which he conducts himself from the time of
his existence to the present (Martin &
Jacobus, 2004)
Humanities is composed of academic
disciplines that make it distinctive content
and method from the physical and
biological sciences and from the social
science.
The study of humanities is devoted to
understanding the different phenomena
within the human cultural contexts.
Humanities studies how people process and
document the human experience using
philosophy, religion, literature, art, and
history as their way of understanding and
recording the world.
Humanities studies how individuals’ manner
of expression varies as they record human
experiences and how the way of
documenting these forms a connection
between and among humans in the past,
present, and future.
Fundamentals Principles of Humanities
The following are identified
fundamental principles of Humanities
which are used as guides for a better
understanding of life and man’s
existence.
Human nature is inherently good.
Individuals are free and are capable
of making choices.
Human potential for growth and
development is virtually unlimited.
Self-concept plays an important role
in growth and development.
Individuals have an urge for self-
actualization.
Reality is defined by each person.
Individuals have a responsibility to
both themselves and to others.
1. Art Explained
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Lesson 1: Humanities and the Arts

“Man is the measure of all things” -

Protagoras

 Humanities

came from the Latin word “humanus” which

means human, cultured and refined.

 “Humanity scholars” or

“humanists” – Scholars in the

humanities. It also describes the

philosophical position of

humanism.

 Vitruvian Man of Leonardo Da

Vinci

 It means “Connecting Man to

Nature.”

 This image demonstrates the blend

of mathematics and art during the

renaissance period.

Encyclopedia Britannica online states,

“Leonardo envisaged the great picture chart

of human body he had produced through

his anatomical drawings and Vitruvian Man

as a cosmografia del minor mondo

(cosmography of microcosm). He believed

that workings of human body to be an

analogy for the working of the universe.”

 All about humanities:

Humanities contains the records of man’s

quest for answers to the fundamental

questions he asks himself and about the

world we live in.

Humanities studies man and the manner in

which he conducts himself from the time of

his existence to the present ( Martin &

Jacobus, 2004)

Humanities is composed of academic

disciplines that make it distinctive content

and method from the physical and

biological sciences and from the social

science.

The study of humanities is devoted to

understanding the different phenomena

within the human cultural contexts.

Humanities studies how people process and

document the human experience using

philosophy, religion, literature, art, and

history as their way of understanding and

recording the world.

Humanities studies how individuals’ manner

of expression varies as they record human

experiences and how the way of

documenting these forms a connection

between and among humans in the past,

present, and future.

 Fundamentals Principles of Humanities

The following are identified

fundamental principles of Humanities

which are used as guides for a better

understanding of life and man’s

existence.

 Human nature is inherently good.

 Individuals are free and are capable

of making choices.

 Human potential for growth and

development is virtually unlimited.

 Self-concept plays an important role

in growth and development.

 Individuals have an urge for self-

actualization.

 Reality is defined by each person.

 Individuals have a responsibility to

both themselves and to others.

1. Art Explained

Art Is a diverse range of human activities in

creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts

(artwork), expressing the author’s imaginative,

conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to

be appreciated for their beauty or emotional

power

Three classical branches of art:

1. Painting -the application of

pigments to a support surface that

establishes an image, design or

decoration.

2. Sculpture-an artistic form in which

hard or plastic materials are worked

into three-dimensional art objects.

3. Architecture-The most functional

art-form

Aesthetics – creativity and interpretation are

explored.

Nature of Art

ART

Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to

join or put together and has its Latin term being

“sars” or “artis” which means everything that is

artificially made or composed by man.

Non-functional Art Forms

 Is an art that serves no utilitarian

purpose.

 Complete opposite to the Functional

Art.

 This is an art that encompasses

paintings, sculptures and all manner of

fine art.

 representation and expression, and form. THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERSPlato (428 – 347 BC) He is the philosopher who said that artists should be banned in our society.

 Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) He was

a student of Plato who first

distinguished between “what is good

and what is beautiful''.

ARTIST AND ARTISANS

An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jeweLlery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. THE SUBJECT OF AN ARTWORK The term subject in arts refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork.The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece. Non-representational or non-objective art, on the other hand, refers to compositions which do not rely on representation or mimesis to any extent. Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are related terms that indicate a departure from reality in the depiction of imagery in art. THE SOURCES OF SUBJECTNature- Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical

 defeat and was introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Expressionists believe that  man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society. LESSON 2 - THE DIFFERENT MEDIA OF THE VISUAL ARTS I. Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts A. Drawing The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts. a. Different Media for Drawing:

1. Pencils- Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard or thickness from thick to needle-like. SHADING TECHNIQUESHatching - same direction lines.  Cross-hatching - crisscrossing lines.  Stippling - A dot patterns  Blending- May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump.  Ink- It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use.  Pastel- dry pigment held 3 Kinds of PastelSoft PastelHard PastelOil Pastel PASTEL TECHNIQUESStippling- Using pastel of different colors.  Feathering - Using the point of the pastel to make parallel.  Scumbling -It is like layering but using pastel.  Impasto- The technique of thickly applying the pastel.  Sgraffito -applies a thick deposit of pastel.  Charcoa l-An organic medium that comes from burnt wood. 2 KINDS OF CHARCOAL:Compressed Charcoal - The vine Charcoal.  Manufactured Charcoal- Made from loose charcoal  Paper- The most common surface used in two-dimensional art. 3 TYPES OF PAPER:Hot-pressed Paper - Smooth  Cold-pressed Paper - Has moderate texture.  Rough Paper - Has the most texture (tooth). Painting- It is the process of applying paint. PIGMENT - gives color. DIFFERENT MEDIA FOR PAINTINGWatercolor- Pigments are mixed with water  Gouache- The pigment has been mixed with Water(chalk)  Oil Paints- Pigments are mixed with oil

Tempera- Pigment is mixed with egg yolk  Fresco -It is used for mural paintings.  Acrylic- Modern medium with synthetic paint using.  Mosaic -small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored stones  Collage -Derived from a French word “coller” which means to stick.  Printmaking -Process used for making reproductions of graphic works. Printmaking Techniques:Relief Printing (Raised)- The oldest method of printmaking.  Intaglio Printing (Depressed)- Plate for the image  Surface Printing(flat)- Includes all process II. PLASTIC ORTHREE-DIMENSIONAL ARTS Sculpture- Originated from the Latin word “sculpere” 3 KINDS OF SCULPTURES:Freestanding- Sculptures which can be viewed from all sides.  Relief- Sculptures in which the figures project from a background. TWO VARIATIONS OF RELIEF SCULPTURE:

 Low Relief (bas relief)- Figures are

slightly raised/projected

 High Relief- Almost half of the Figures

 Kinetic (mobile)- A sculpture that

is capable of movement

Architecture -serve a definite function.

TYPES OF LITERATURE

 Poetry - It used to follow strict

Rules

 Fiction - Written work that is not

Real

 Non-fiction - Subject matter

comes from real life.

 Drama - Includes all plays or

any written works

LESSON 7 - MUSIC, MEDIA IN MUSIC, SOME

GENRES OF MUSIC

Music- art of combining

and regulating sounds

MEDIA IN MUSIC

Vocal Medium- The oldest and most popular

medium for music

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN VOICE

(Komien,2008):

 Soprano - Highest female singing

voice.

 Contralto - Female singing voice that

is low and rich in quality.

 Tenor - Highest adult male singing

voice.

 Bass- Male singing voice that is

low and rich in quality.

 Baritone - Male singing voice that

 Tragedy - literature’s greatest

dramatic genre.

 Melodrama- Emphasizes the

never ending battle between good

and evil

 Comedy- Exact opposite of

tragedy.

 Satire - Portrays human weakness

and criticized human behavior

 Farce - Light humorous play in

which the emphasis is on the

jokes, humorous

LESSON 10 - CINEMA, GENRES OF MOTION

PICTURES AND PEOPLE BEHIND MOTION

PICTURES

Cinema- Series of images that are

projected onto a screen

Genres of Motion Pictures:

 Feature Films - Commonly shown

in movie theaters.

 Animated movies - Use images

created by artists/ animators.

 Documentary movies - deal

primarily with facts, not fiction.

 Experimental films - Sequence of

images, literal or abstract;

 Educational Films - Specifically

intended to facilitate learning at

home or classrooms.

PEOPLE BEHIND A MOTION PICTURE

 Actors - Play the roles of the

characters.

 Producer- handles finances.

 Screenwriter- develops stories and

ideas for the screen or adapts

 Director - Studies the script, plans and

visualizes how the film

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART

line - can be defined in several ways: It is a

pathmade by a moving point, a series of dots.

Lines may be short or long, fine or thick, heavy

or light, wavy or jagged, straight or curved.

KINDS OF LINES

 Straight lines- are geometric,

impersonal and

differ in the direction that they take.

 Horizontal lines - move from left to

right

 Vertical Line - start from bottom to top

 Diagonal lines - are slanting lines. On

the negative, it conveys a feeling of

uncertainty, stress and

defeat.

 Zigzag lines - Are angular lines, portrays

tension, conflict, chaos, or violence.

 Curved lines - are technically curvilinear

lines. Flexibility

PROPERTIES OF COLOR AND HOW

COLORS RELATE AND LIGHT AND

SHADOW

Color - The significance of color as an element

of the visual arts cannot be over emphasized.

Color adds beauty and meaning to all forms of

art.

PROPERTIES OF COLOR

For pigments , RED, YELLOW and BLUE are

called primary hues. They are considered

primary because these hues cannot beproduced

from combining any hues.

When two primary hues are mixed in equal

amounts , secondary hues are produced. These

are ORANGE, GREEN and VIOLET.

Combining in equal mixture any two

secondary hues produces the tertiary hues.

LIGHT AND SHADOW (VALUE)

Light and shadow focuses on what is known as achromatic value is the technique of manipulating

light and shadow in painting. called

tenebrism or “dark manner”.

 Hue - It is the name given to the

color, for

example: red, green, violet and blue.

 Value - refers to the lightness or

darkness of a color.

 Shade - When black is combined

with hue.

 Tint - When white is added with

hue.

 Intensity - denotes the brightness

or dullness of a color.

■ Hues become less intense (dull) when white is

added because color becomes lighter in value.

■ The hues’ intensity diminishes when black is

added and as the value darkens.

■ If gray is added, the result will be a variation

in intensity without any change in

value.

Color harmony -is one method of establishing

color quality in a composition.

The most common are the following ;

 Monochromatic harmony - When a

single color

in the composition is varied in intensity and

value by adding white or black.

 Complementary Harmony - results

when two colors that are opposite each

other the color wheel are placed side by

side.

 Analogous harmony - results when

hues that are adjacent or beside each

other in the color wheel is used in a

composition.

 Color temperature - refers to the

relative warmth or coolness of a color.

Warm colors are colors that have YELLOW as

its dominant component white cool colors have

blue as their dominant component

Lesson 3 - Shape and Classification of Shapes Shapes – In visual arts, a shape is formed when two ends of a line meet to enclose an area Picture plane - any flat surface onto which the artwork is created. Negative shapes - these are between the shapes that are not occupied by any form ● Non-objective or biomorphic shapes

  • seldom have reference to recognizable objects, but most often show a similarity to some organic forms. ● Geometric shapes - these are triangles, rectangles, squares, cylinders, cubes.

Implied movement - results when a variety of lines are used together, repeated, change in position, or decreased/increased in size. Elements of the Combined Arts Lesson 5 - Elements of Music ● Rhythm - is a movement or pattern with uniform recurrence of accented and accented beat ● Melody - is the succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give it a musical sense. It may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune in time. ● Harmony - is the sounding of a series of groups of tones in the same time. It may also refer to the pleasing sound that is produced when two or more notes are played together. Concordance results when the combination of sounds are in agreement which makes it sound good while dissonance results when the combination is not pleasant to hear. ● Timbre - is tonal quality or the character of the tone that is produced by an instrument or by the human voice. Timbre allows the listener to distinguish the sound between a guitar and a violin for example. In the same way, people can be identified by their voices. A man’s voice sounds different from a woman’s voice and an old person’s voice is different from that of a child. ● Form - is the structure or the framework of a composition Vocal Forms ■Opera is a drama set to music complete with actions, costumes and scenery ■Cantata is a religious story told in music without actions ■Moro-moro is a Philippine drama set to music which depicts the conflict between the Christians and the Muslims. Instrumental Forms Sonata is a long composition for solo instruments (piano, Violin) Symphony is a sonata for the orchestra Dynamics - is the loudness and softness of the sound in music indicated by symbols to regulate the volume of the sound. pp pianissimo - very soft p piano - soft mp mezo piano - half soft ff fortissimo - very loud crescendo - gradually becoming louder decrescendo - gradually becoming softer Elements of DanceMusic plays an important role in the dance to which it is closely related. It should be melodic and harmonious and fits into the movements of the dance. Music motivates the dancers to move in tune with its rhythm. The background music of the dance functions to captivate the interest and awe of the audience. ● Movement is how the dancers use their bodies to move and create organized patterns. Dancers also use gestures which express specific emotions or ideas in sign Language. ● Choreography refers to how the steps and movements are connected for it to be performed in an organized manner. The choreography guides the dancers’ movements for them to perform the movement, convey the message and tell the story through body language. ● Technique is the skill of the dancer in executing the movements. A good dancer has complete control over the muscles of the body thus creating grace and fluidity of movements. ● Theme is the content or the main ingredient of the dance. It tells what the dance is trying to convey. It has something to do with the message of the dance.

Design is the planned organization or patterns of movement in time and space. Pattern in time, is provided by rhythm to be executed in space on a stage or dance floor. ● Costume. The type of dance performed and the costumes worn relate closely to the customs, beliefs, and environment of the people. Costumes enhance the effect of the dance. Lesson 6 - Elements of Drama Drama is basically one of the genres of literature that is written primarily to be performed. The performance is done by actors on stage before a live audience. ● Plot is the overall structure of the play. It is concerned about what the story is all about. Traditional plots have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. The Plot progresses through the following: Exposition is the part that familiarizes the audience with the characters and the situation they are in. Complication happens in the middle part of the play which develops the conflict that was started in the exposition. Resolution is also called the anticlimax or the part where conditions in the story are normalized and the situation becomes stable. ● Setting is the locale and period in which the story takes place. It includes the scenery, props and costumes used in staging. It is the background of the play that informs the audience where and when the story will take place. ● Characters are the persons involved in the story. They may seem real to the audience depending on how the playwright structures the dialogues to make the characters come to life. Characters can be the protagonist or the antagonist. Protagonist is the character from which the story revolves around while the antagonist is the person who challenges the role of the protagonist. ● Dialogue refers to the words uttered by the characters in the story. It what the characters use when conversing with each other or when expressing his thoughts an demotions. Dialogues let the audience know the kind of character that the actor is portraying. There are, however, plays with no dialogues. Pantomimes rely heavily on actions, gestures, facial expression and sound effects. ● Theme is what the story means. It is how the individual elements are put together to give the story significance and perspective. It relates something about life that is presented in its totality. The theme may be directly or indirectly stated. Lesson 7 - Elements of Theater Theater art is performed live. Its performance is immediate and once performed cannot be undone. Its magic begins when the curtains are raised and the stage lights go on. ● The Playwright’s role is to work out the plot in terms of the actual actions to be performed and dialogue to be spoken by actors within the limited facilities of the stage. ● The Performers are the ones who portray the characters in a play. ● The Director works with the playwright to present which is interpreted and translated into dramatic action. ● Production Design includes the scenery, props, make-up, costumes, lights,

Secondary context pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in which the work was produced. Included here are the functions served by the art work, its religious and philosophical conviction, socio political and economical undertones, climate and geography.

  1. Color temperature that has the color blue as the dominant color. -cool color
  2. It is the classification of male singing voice it is between tenor and bass. -Baritone
  3. A technique in shading that makes a series of lines that run in the same direction. -Hatching
  4. This term refers to the main idea represented in the artwork. -Subject
  5. It is the source of art where the modernity of the present is the source of inspiration -Technology
  6. A form abstraction where there is an alteration of the original shape of something. -Distortion
  7. He is the philosopher who said that artists should be banned in our society. -Plato
  8. This the value of the hue when black is added. -Shade
  9. Art form that is regarded as the most functional. -Architecture

10. Media of painting that uses pigment

mixed with water and chalk like material to give it an opaque effect -Gouache II. True or False Direction: Choose if True if the statement is True and False is the statements is False.

  1. An artist is a person who creates art that has functional use. False
  2. Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. True
  3. Surrealists believe that man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society. True
  1. Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the mechanical energy of modern life. True
  2. Stippling is the technique that applies a thick deposit of pastel on the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color. False
  3. Additive process involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the material or by welding together metal parts to create figures. True
  4. Contralto is highest female singing voice. False
  5. Foreground is the topmost part in the picture plane. False
  6. Exposition is the part of the drama where the audience are getting familiar with the characters and the situation they are in. True
  7. Content refers to the various circumstances that influence how a work of art was produced and interpreted. False