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A comprehensive overview of phonological awareness, covering essential concepts such as phonemes, graphemes, phonics, and various phoneme manipulation techniques. It includes definitions and examples of phoneme isolation, identity, categorization, blending, segmentation, deletion, addition, and substitution. Additionally, the document touches on related topics like syntax, semantics, orthography, and pragmatics, making it a valuable resource for understanding the building blocks of language and literacy. It is useful for students and educators alike, offering a structured approach to mastering the fundamentals of language.
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phoneme ( correct answers ) in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit Grapheme ( correct answers ) the written or printed representation of a phoneme Phonics ( correct answers ) The predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes Phonemic Awareness ( correct answers ) The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. phonological awareness ( correct answers ) the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language syllable ( correct answers ) a word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound. Onset and Rime ( correct answers ) - Parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger than phonemes
phoneme deletion ( correct answers ) being able to identify a sound that has been deleted from a word (smile without s is mile) phoneme addition ( correct answers ) make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word park-spark adding s phoneme substitution ( correct answers ) Substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word (Example- the word is 'bug'. Change the /g/ to /n/. What's the new word? Bun) Phonemic reversal ( correct answers ) Reversing the first and last sound Phonology ( correct answers ) the study of speech sounds in language Syntax ( correct answers ) The arrangement of words and phrases to create well- formed sentences in a language. Semantics ( correct answers ) the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning orthography ( correct answers ) a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols Pragmatics (use) ( correct answers ) the rules of language governing how language is used for social purposes Hourglass Concept ( correct answers ) Phonological awareness, Sentences, words, syllables, onset/rime, phonemes voiced sounds ( correct answers ) are produced, in part by the vibrations of the vocal chords (v, z, th) unvoiced sound ( correct answers ) a sound where no voice is used, e.g. /p/ in pad, /t/ in tomorrow. No movement or vibration can be felt in the throat. Nasals ( correct answers ) m, n, ŋ Fricatives ( correct answers ) produced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v) Affricates ( correct answers ) ch/j Glides ( correct answers ) w, y
Why teach syllables? ( correct answers ) Knowing the syllable types helps readers know whether a vowel is long, short, a dipthong, r controlled or whether endings have been added. Morphophonology ( correct answers ) The rules governing sound changes that accompany the combination of morphemes in a language. inflectional endings ( correct answers ) Sounds, which are added to words to indicate tense, possession, number of comparison Reccomended key words for short vowels ( correct answers ) Apple, echo, itch, octopus, up Key words for selected consonants ( correct answers ) Dog, tent, box, goat, rope word families ( correct answers ) groups of words that have the same ending soudn (rime) but a different beginning sound (onset), such as can, man, fan. Sight Words ( correct answers ) Words that are recognized immediately. It can also refer to high frequency words and words that are learned only through memorization. Very few words can be learned through memory. Most are learned through phonics. Steps of effective phonics instruction ( correct answers ) State goal, review previous lesson, teach lesson, practice word reading, word practice activities, dictation, reinforce word meaning, practice text reading