OAE Middle Grades ELA Study Guide
Latest Updated
The smallest unit of spoken language; English has 41 phonemes and some can be
represented by more than one letter.
Example: Check has three phonemes: /ch/, /e/, and /k/. - ANS-Phoneme
Strategy used to help a reader make sense of the material they are reading. This
strategy uses context clues, background knowledge, and illustrations.
Example: The following sentence is read aloud by a student: The young children arrived
at the park and quickly jumped on the swings.
The student omits the word park and the teacher asks the student if the sentence
makes sense. - ANS-Semantics Cueing System
Strategy used to help a reader understand how they should read a text. This strategy
uses grammar, English syntax (Subject-verb agreement, tense, etc.), and English/book
language.
Example: The following sentence is read aloud by a student: The young children arrived
at the park and quickly jumped on the swings.
The student omits the -ed in jumped and the teacher asks if that sounds right. - ANS-
Syntax Cueing System
Strategy used to help a reader combine letter sounds in a word. This strategy uses the
alphabetic principle, letter-sound correspondence, and punctuation.
Example: The following sentence is read aloud by a student: The young children arrived
at the park and quickly jumped on the swings.
The student substitutes the word children with the word chicken and the teacher guides
the student to segment the word by asking if the middle of the word states /chick/. -
ANS-Visual Cueing System
Phonemes that usually represents the dominant sound in a word. However, a
consonant letter may represent more than one phoneme.
Example: Hard c sounds like /k/, as in cat, while soft c sounds like /s/, as in cent or city.
Hard g sounds like /g/, as in game, but a soft g sounds like /j/, as in gentle or gem. -
ANS-Consonants
The smallest unit of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a
word.
Example: Stop has four graphemes: /s/, /t/, /o/, /p/. - ANS-Grapheme
