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Logical Fallacies and Reasoning Principles, Exams of Business Economics

Grand Canyon University (GCU)Business Economics

An overview of various logical fallacies and the principles of reasoning. It covers key concepts such as arguments, fallacies, and examples of common logical fallacies like appeal to ignorance, hasty generalization, false cause, limited choice, appeal to emotion, personal attack, circular reasoning, diversion, and straw man. The document aims to help readers understand the fundamentals of logical reasoning, identify common logical pitfalls, and improve their critical thinking skills. It could be useful for students studying logic, philosophy, or related subjects, as well as anyone interested in enhancing their ability to evaluate arguments and make sound judgments.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/30/2024

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Quantitative Reasoning
and Math Skills Quiz #1
Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Logic - Answer: The study of the methods and principles of reasoning
An argument - Answer: Uses a set of facts or assumptions called "premises" to support a conclusion
A fallacy - Answer: a deceptive argument, in other words the conclusion isn't well supported (popularity
contest)
Appeal to ignorance - Answer: not knowing something is used as proof
fallacy example: appeal to ignorance - Answer: "you can't demonstrate there are not Martians living on
mars, so it is sensible for me to accept there are"
Hasty generalization - Answer: stereotyping, a few examples "proves" a blanket statement
fallacy example: Hasty generalization - Answer: " My father smoked 4 packs a day since I was 14 and
lived until he was 84, therefore smoking can't be that bad for you"
False cause - Answer: superstition, making a link between two things that happen after each other
pf3

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Quantitative Reasoning

and Math Skills Quiz

Questions and Complete

Solutions Graded A+

Logic - Answer: The study of the methods and principles of reasoning An argument - Answer: Uses a set of facts or assumptions called "premises" to support a conclusion A fallacy - Answer: a deceptive argument, in other words the conclusion isn't well supported (popularity contest) Appeal to ignorance - Answer: not knowing something is used as proof fallacy example: appeal to ignorance - Answer: "you can't demonstrate there are not Martians living on mars, so it is sensible for me to accept there are" Hasty generalization - Answer: stereotyping, a few examples "proves" a blanket statement fallacy example: Hasty generalization - Answer: " My father smoked 4 packs a day since I was 14 and lived until he was 84, therefore smoking can't be that bad for you" False cause - Answer: superstition, making a link between two things that happen after each other

fallacy example: False cause - Answer: "Roger shows how temperatures have been rising over the past few centuries, whilst at the same time the number of pirates have been decreasing therefore pirates made the world colder" Limited Choice - Answer: Small amount of choices that doesn't cover many of the possibilities fallacy example: Limited choice "black and white" - Answer: "I thought you cared about people, but I didn't see you at the fundraiser last night" Appeal to emotion - Answer: feelings, not objective fallacy example: Appeal to emotion - Answer: "Luke didn't want to eat the family pig, but his father told him to think of the starving kids with no food." Personal attack (Ad Hominem) - Answer: Focus on the character of person, not his ideas fallacy example: Personal attack (Ad Hominem) - Answer: "We can't listen to John's opinion on global warming because he is a tree hugger" Circular reasoning (Texas sharp shooter) - Answer: The proof and statement are interchangeable fallacy example: Circular reasoning (Texas sharp shooter) - Answer: "I know Frosted Flakes are great! Because it says so in the commercial" Diversion (non sequitur) - Answer: off-topic fallacy example: Diversion (non sequitur) - Answer: "A hockey coach criticizes an offensive players performance, the player than says "what about the goalie... he let in some easy shots." Straw man - Answer: Make an exaggerated version, then attack the version