Automatic Control Systems: Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Control Systems, Lecture notes of Teaching method

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EE 510: Lumped Systems Theory

Fall 2016

Handout 0:

Introduction to Modern Control

Engineering

Prof. Mohamed Zribi

Outline of the Handout

1. Introduction

2. What is a Control System?

3. What is an Automatic Control System?

4. Open-Loop and Closed Loop Control Systems

5. Classification of Control Systems

6. Requirements for Control Systems

EE 472 Dr. Mohamed Zribi 2

1 Introduction

Automatic control has played a vital role in the

advance of engineering and science. In addition to

its extreme importance in space-vehicle systems,

missile-guidance systems, robotic systems, and the

like, automatic control has become an important

and integral part of modern manufacturing and

industrial processes.

For example, automatic control is essential in the

numerical control of machine tools in the

manufacturing industries, in the design of autopilot

systems in the aerospace industries, and in the design

of cars and trucks in the automobile industries. It is

also essential in such industrial operations as

controlling pressure, humidity, viscosity, and flow in

the process industries.

A missile-guidance system

Example:

Control panel of an autopilot system

Example:

Example:

Example: Motion Control

 Broad term to describe processes where things are

moving.

 Servomechanism: Traditional term to a closed-loop

system that directs the precise movement of an

object, such as an antennae.

Example:

Example:

2. What is a Control System?

A control system is a device or set of devices to

regulate the behavior of other devices or systems

for the purpose of achieving certain objective

(desired system response)

furnace

thermometer

gas mixer valve air Desired temperature operator valve (^) mixer air furnace temperature output plant operator

Desired temperature

input

measurement

Example.

In other words, Control means measuring the value of

the controlled variable of the system and applying the

control signal to the system to correct or limit

deviation of the measured value from a desired value.

Feedback Control (Closed-loop Control):

A person could be assigned the task of sensing the

actual value of the output and comparing it with the

command input. If the output is not equal the desired

value, the person can alter the valve to achieve this

value.

valve (^) mixer air furnace temperature output plant operator

Desired temperature

input

measurement