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“MAKING INFERENCES: READING BETWEEN THE LINES ..., Summaries of English Language

FEU Institute of Technology (FEUIT)English Language

In this workshop, we will start out simple with making inferences based on conversations. We will then go on to exercises in which you will make inferences ...

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 08/01/2022

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“MAKING INFERENCES: READING BETWEEN THE LINES”
CLAD Workshop
Erin Lofthouse
Writers often do not explain everything to the reader. For example, in stories, the writer may not tell the
reader the time or place. Often readers have to guess these things. This is called making inferences or
“reading between the lines.” Readers frequently need to find small clues that lead them to infer—
understand—things that the author doesn’t explicitly state. They need to use information in the text to guess
other things about the text. For example, you might read: “The waves rushed up around his legs and he
could feel the coarse sand between his toes.” You would then infer that this person was at the beach.
In this workshop, we will start out simple with making inferences based on conversations. We will
then go on to exercises in which you will make inferences based on sentences and then short reading
passages.
EXERCISE 1: Read the following conversations and answers the questions.
A: Look at the long line! Do you think we’ll get in?
B: I think so. Some of these people already have tickets.
A: How much are the tickets?
B: Only nine dollars for the first show. I’ll pay.
A: Thanks. I’ll buy the popcorn.
1. Where are these people?
2.
What are they talking about?
3.
Who are these people?
A: This is one of the reasons I hate working in a big city.
B: I know. Every day, it’s the same thing.
A: This is terrible! We may be here all night! I hope we don’t run out of gas.
B: No, I think there’s enough.
A: Let’s turn on the radio. Maybe there’s some good music.
B: Sorry, the radio’s not working.
A: I think I’ll take the train tomorrow!
1. Where are these people?
2. What are they talking about?
3. What do you think will happen next?
A: When did this happen?
B: Yesterday. I was playing soccer and I fell down.
A: Can you move it at all?
B: Only a little.
A: Can you walk on it?
B: No. It hurts too much.
A: I think we’ll have to take an X-ray.
B: Will I be able to play in the game tomorrow?
A: I’m afraid not.
1. Where are these people?
2.
Who are they?
3.
What are the people talking about?
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“MAKING INFERENCES: READING BETWEEN THE LINES”

CLAD Workshop

Erin Lofthouse

Writers often do not explain everything to the reader. For example, in stories, the writer may not tell the reader the time or place. Often readers have to guess these things. This is called making inferences or “reading between the lines.” Readers frequently need to find small clues that lead them to infer— understand—things that the author doesn’t explicitly state. They need to use information in the text to guess other things about the text. For example, you might read: “The waves rushed up around his legs and he could feel the coarse sand between his toes.” You would then infer that this person was at the beach. In this workshop, we will start out simple with making inferences based on conversations. We will then go on to exercises in which you will make inferences based on sentences and then short reading passages.

EXERCISE 1: Read the following conversations and answers the questions.

A: Look at the long line! Do you think we’ll get in? B: I think so. Some of these people already have tickets. A: How much are the tickets? B: Only nine dollars for the first show. I’ll pay. A: Thanks. I’ll buy the popcorn.

  1. Where are these people?

2. What are they talking about?

3. Who are these people?

A: This is one of the reasons I hate working in a big city. B: I know. Every day, it’s the same thing. A: This is terrible! We may be here all night! I hope we don’t run out of gas. B: No, I think there’s enough. A: Let’s turn on the radio. Maybe there’s some good music. B: Sorry, the radio’s not working. A: I think I’ll take the train tomorrow!

  1. Where are these people?
  2. What are they talking about?
  3. What do you think will happen next?

A: When did this happen? B: Yesterday. I was playing soccer and I fell down. A: Can you move it at all? B: Only a little. A: Can you walk on it? B: No. It hurts too much. A: I think we’ll have to take an X-ray. B: Will I be able to play in the game tomorrow? A: I’m afraid not.

  1. Where are these people?

2. Who are they?

3. What are the people talking about?

EXERCISE 2: Read each sentence; then circle the one answer choice that is a logical inference based upon that sentence.

  1. Blood cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults. (A) Blood cholesterol is no longer a problem for adults. (B) Only children have a problem with blood cholesterol. (C) Blood cholesterol affects both adults and children.
  2. When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples, they don’t mean something developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade. (A) Apple growers haven’t developed any new varieties in recent decades. (B) Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long time. (C) New varieties of apples take many years to develop.
  3. In all cultures, gestures are used as a form of communication, but the same gestures may have very different meanings in different cultures. (A) No two cultures use the same gestures. (B) One gesture will never have the same meaning in two cultures. (C) A person from one culture may misunderstand the gestures used by a person from another culture.
  4. Although sheepherding is an older and more beloved occupation, shepherds never caught the attention of American filmmakers the way cowboys did. (A) There have been more American films about cowboys than about shepherds. (B) Films about shepherds were popular before films about cowboys. (C) Cowboys are generally younger than shepherds.
  5. As an architect, Thomas Jefferson preferred the Roman style, as seen in the buildings of the University of Virginia, to the English style favored by Charles Bullfinch. (A) The architecture of the University of Virginia was influenced by the Roman style. (B) Bullfinch was an English architect. (C) Jefferson preferred to build in the English style of architecture.
  6. Even spiders that do not build webs from silk use it for a variety of purposes, such as constructing egg sacs and nursery tents. (A) All spiders build webs. (B) Spiders that build webs don’t build egg sacs or nursery tents. (C) Silk is used by all spiders.
  7. There is more quartz in the world than any one kind of feldspar, but the feldspars as a group are five times more common than quartz. (A) One type of quartz is five times more plentiful than feldspar. (B) Quartz is less common than the feldspars. (C) The most common type of feldspar is as plentiful as quartz.
  8. Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at the penmanship of George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, or John Kennedy reveals. (A) Washington, Roosevelt, and Kennedy all had handwriting that was difficult to read. (B) A person’s handwriting reveals a lot about that person. (C) The author believes that Washington, Roosevelt, and Kennedy all had weak characters.

Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied “new car odor.”

______ 13. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance. ______ 14. Vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehyde. ______ 15. In general, the more components there are in a fragrance, the harder it is to synthesize. ______ 16. Once a substance has been chemically analyzed, it can always be easily synthesized. ______ 17. Only recently has it been possible to satisfactorily synthesize the aroma of fresh coffee. ______ 18. Not all synthetic flavors are harmless. ______ 19. Synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food. ______ 20. Synthetic fragrances can be sued to make a used car smell like a new one.

Answer Key

EXERCISE 1

Dialogue One

  1. Outside a movie theater
  2. Getting tickets to see a movie.
  3. Two people who know each other ie. Friends, boyfriend and girlfriend, etc.

Dialogue Two

  1. In a car.
  2. The bad traffic
  3. Not sure but maybe they will fun out of gas, start to fight or decide to pull over and wait for the traffic to get better.

Dialogue Three

  1. Hospital or doctor’s office
  2. Patient and a doctor or nurse
  3. An injured leg, ankle or foot

EXERCISE 2

  1. C
  2. A
  3. C
  4. A
  5. A
  6. C
  7. B
  8. A

EXERCISE 3

  1. X
  2. I
  3. X
  4. I
  5. I
  6. X
  7. I
  8. I
  9. X
  10. X
  11. I
  12. X
  13. I
  14. X
  15. I
  16. X
  17. X
  18. I
  19. X
  20. I