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Strategic Planning Topics:
» Features of Strategic Planning
» Purpose of Strategic Planning
» The Advantages of Strategic Management
» Analysis of Organizational Information Requirements
» Define and Evaluate Information Requirements for Organizational Subsystem
» Limitation of Management Information System
» Development and Implementation of Managerial Information System
» Implementation of Managerial Information System
Features of Strategic Planning
- They are proactive and non re-active.
- They are internal in source, and the business venture has absolute control over their application.
- Strategy can apply once after that it is process of application with no unique element remaining.
4. The outcome is normally a strategic planning which is used guidance to define functional and divisional plan including
technology, marketing etc.
5. Strategic planning is the formal consideration of an organization’s future course. All strategic planning deals with al
least one of three keys question
a) What do we do? b) For whom do we do it? c) How do we excel?
In business strategic planning the third question is better how can we beat or avoid competition? In many organizations this
is viewed as a process for determining where an organization is going over the next year or more- typically 3 to 5 years, although some extended their vision to 20 years.
Purpose of Strategic Planning
- Clearly define the purpose of the organization and establish realistic goal and objectives consistent with that mission in a defined time frame within the organization’s capacity for implementation.
- Communicate those goals and objectives to the organization constituents.
- Develop a sense of ownership of the plan.
- Ensure the most effective use in made of the organization resources by focusing the resources on the key priorities.
- Provide a base from which progress can be measured and establish a mechanism for informed change when needed.
- Bring together everyone’s best and most reasoned efforts to have important value in building a consensus about where an organization is going.
- Provide cleaner focus of organization producing more efficiency and effectiveness.
- Bridges staff and board of directors in the case of corporation.
- Builds strong teams in the board and the staff in the case of corporation.
- Provides the glue that keeps the board together in case of corporation.
- Produce great satisfaction among planners around a common vision.
- Increase productivity from increased efficiency and effectiveness.
- Solves major problems arising in the business.
The Advantages of Strategic Management
Discharge board responsibility - the first reason that most organization state for having a strategic management process
is that it discharges the responsibility of the board of director’s.
Facilitate an objective assessment - Strategic planning provide a discipline that enables the board and senior
management to actually take a step back from the day to day business to think about the future of the organization without this discipline the organization can become solely consumed with working through the next issue or problem without consideration of the larger picture.
Provide a framework for decision making - Strategy provide a framework within which all staff can make day to day
operational decisions and understand that those decision are all moving the organization in a single direction it is not possible nor realistic or appropriate for the board to know all the decision the executive director will have to make nor it is possible nor realistic or practical for the executive director to know all the decision the staff will make. Strategy provides a vision of the future confirm the purpose and values of an organization, sets objectives, clarify threats and opportunity determines methods to leverage strengths, and mitigate weaknesses at a minimum. As such it sets a framework and clear boundaries within which decision can be made.
Support understanding and buy-in - Allowing the board and staff participation in the strategic discussion enables them
to better understand the direction why that direction was chosen, and the associated benefits. Fore some people simply knowing is enough for many people to gain their full support requires them to understand.
Enables measurement of progress - A strategic management process forces an organization to set the objectives and
measures of success the setting of measures of success requires that the organization first determine what is critical to its ongoing success and then forces the establishment of objectives and keeps these critical measures in front of the board and senior management.
Provides an organizational perspective - Addressing operational issues rarely looks at the whole organization and the
interrelatedness of its varying components. Strategic management takes an organizational perspective and look at all the components and the interrelationship between those components in order to develop a strategy that is optimal for the whole organization and not a single component.
Analysis of Organizational Information Requirements
Information requirements are the prerequisites in an organization for information system, planning identifies application and planning an information architecture. More detailed information requirement are required for design of application. Although the level of specification is different for the organization and applications many of the methods for obtaining requirements are the same.
The method is a synthesis of several existing approaches. In this method obtaining organizational information requirements consists of several steps.
Define underlying organizational subsystem
The first phase of analysis is to define underlying organization subsystem. The purpose of activity subsystem identification is to subdivide requirement determination by major organization activity and make the process more manageable. For the home leasing company, the major subsystem are:
- Credit
- Leasing
- Maintenance
- Eviction and delinquency
- Marketing
- Advertising
- Accounts receivable and collection
a system command etc, and those that are not directly related to human interaction with the system for example off hours processing or the automated exchange of information between systems.
Technical Requirements - Identifying technical aspects and constrains that must be considered when defining the new
system. Consideration may include accessibility needs of consumers whether or not the storage and many factors may impact your choice of approach to follow them developing a system.
Operational Requirements - Specifying may administrative constraints or expectation that must be supported by the
system in a production environment may include the system performance expectation, technical infrastructure constraints, security mechanism that must be followed the need to regularly achieve data, and many mandated audit and control process.
Transitional Requirements - defining the realm of condition that must be satisfied prior to physically implemented the
system in a production environment or to relegating support responsibilities to the performing organization. Data conversion requirements and development and delivery of consumer training programs and materials fall into this category.
Limitation of Management Information System
Although the management information system is becoming interestingly beneficial some cases even essential to the
management of the organization that very thing that makes it so attractive has also made it difficult to design and implement. These system are expensive both in term of people needed to develop them and in term of computer hardware to support them, unfortunately they also have had a tendency to cost more and require more time than estimated. The system become rapidly obsolete with changing management objective, competitive environment and technological advances it can be difficult and expensive once they installed. A major system can have disastrous effect on the organization man and machine, which are not always compatible combination.
Development and Implementation of Managerial
Information System
Managerial information system is an efficient tool of acquisition of real time information on company’s internal
process with the option of statistical processing generating reports for evaluation and decision making correct interpretation of these results is important for management to the same extent as correctness of collected data analysis and presentation available for purpose of decision taking process. This system represents upgrade to system existing in society which integrated. Corporate information sources at required quality level and sufficiently detailed.
In conclusion, our management information system solutions provide:
- Simple and fast access to data of various sources both internal and external without data amount limitation.
- Running of pre processed reports and generation of ad-hoc queries.
- Data analysis from various aspects and e.g time comparison of data product structure analysis.
- Broad range of analysis and calculation function allowing to analyze trends, compare different time periods identify critical situations transfer information into applications etc.
System Development Life Cycle
The material in this section is organized according to a generic system development life cycle. While no two
development efforts are exactly alike, all projects should progress through the same six phases.
1. System initiation- in which the business case and proposed solution developed during project origination are re-
examined to ensure that they are still appropriately defined and address an existing organizational need. This validation efforts provides the project team the basis for a detailed schedule defining the step needed to obtain a through understanding of the business requirement and an initial view of staffing needs. In addition a high level schedule is developed for
subsequent system development lifecycle phases.
2. System requirements analysis- in which the needs of the business are captured in as much detailed the project
manager leads the project team in working with the customers to define what it is that the new system must do. By obtaining
a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the business requirements the project team can develop the functional specification that will drive the system design.
3. System design- which builds upon the work performed during system requirements analysis and result in a translation
of the functional requirements into a complete technical solution. This solution dictates the technical architecture, standards, specification and strategies to be followed. Throughout the building, testing, and implementation of the system the completion of system design also marks the point in the project at which the project manager should be able to plan in detailed all future project phases.
4. System construction- throughout which the project team builds and tests various modules of the application including
any utilities that will be needed during system acceptance and system implementation as system components are built they will be tested both individually and in logically related and integrated grouping until such time as a full system test has been performed to validate functionally. Documentation and training materials are also developed during this phase.
5. System acceptance- during which the focus of system validation efforts shifts from those team members responsible
for developing the application to those who will be ultimately use the system in the execution of their daily responsibilities. In addition to confirming that the system meets functional expectation, activities are aimed at validating all aspects of data conversion and system deployment.
6. System implementation- the final phase of the life cycle which comprises all activities associated with the
deployment of the application. These efforts include training, installation of the system in a production setting and transition of ownership of the application from the project team to the performing organization.
Implementation of Managerial Information System
The implementation of information technology is a complex task and needs a detailed and careful planning for successful
implementation. A long range management information system plan provides direction for the development of the
system and provides a basic for achieving the specific targets or tasks against a time frame.
1. Environmental modeling center - the environmental modeling centre improves numerical weather, marine and
climate predictions at the national centre for environment prediction through a broad program of research in data assimilation and modeling in support of the NCEP develops improves and monitors data assimilation systems and models of the photosphere atmosphere ocean and coupled system using advance methods developed internally as well as cooperatively with scientists from universities national laboratories and other government agencies and the international scientific community.
2. Enterprise information system - an enterprise information system is generally a kind of computing system that is of
enterprise class this means typically offering high quality of service dealing with large volumes of data and capable of supporting some large organization an enterprise.
3. Informs - the institute for operational research and the management science INFORMS is an international society for
practitioners in the field of operations research and management science. It was established in 1995. According to INFORMS constitution the institute’s purpose is to improve operational processes decision –making and management by individual and organization through operational research the management science and related scientific methods.
4. Information processing system - an information processing system is made up of four basic parts, or sub-system.
- input
- processor
- storage
- output
First, information in the form of gravitational force from the earth serves as input to the system we call a rock. At a particular instant the rock is a specific distance from the surface of the earth traveling at that instant only may be considered stored in the rock.
5. Development of managerial information system - management information system is based on an author
co-citation analysis. The resulting mapping is intended to serve as a bench mark for future assessment of management
information system as a field as well as a means for documenting the emergency of new research specialties. The study
sought to identify.
5. Testing and Turnover - Since the RAD process emphasizes reuse, many of the program components have already
been tested. This minimizes the testing and development time.
