Management Information Systems, Slides of Business Management and Analysis

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Management Information System

(MIS)

Foundation of Management

Information System(MIS)

▪ Introduction ▪ Definition ▪ Goals ▪ Use ▪ Examples ▪ Summary

The Generic Framework of Business Organization is Top Level Management --(Knowledge)---------→ (The Decision Makers) (DSS,MIS) Work/Feedback flows Middle Level Management – (Information)-→ (The Report Generators) (MIS) Command flows Lower Level Management – (Data)-------→ (The Data Collectors)

Goals of MIS

An Organization’s MIS should be designed to achieve the following goals :

• Enhance communication among employees.
• Deliver complex material throughout the organization.
• Provide an objective system for recording and aggregating information.
• Reduce expenses related to labor intensive manual activities.
• Support the organization’s strategic goals and direction.

Use of MIS MIS supplies decision makers with facts and enhances the overall decision making process. MIS also enhances job performance throughout the organization as data and information availability and processing done on time, this helps the board and management in taking strategic decisions.

MIS should be used to recognize , monitor , measure ,limit and manage risks. Management involves four main elements :

• Policies or Practices
• Operational process
• Staff & Management
• Feedback

Fundamentals of Information System

• Definition & Description of Information System
• Classification of Information
• Types of Information
• Types of Data
• Information Transmission
• Benefits of Information
• Conclusion

Definition & Description of I.S.

• Information is data that has been processed into meaningful data to the user.
• An I.S. is an organized combination of people ,h/w, s/w, communication network, and data resources that collects , transforms and distributes information in an organization.
• Information system and technologies have become vital components of business and organizations.
• People rely on information system to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices (h/w), information processing channels(networks), and stored data (data resources).

Types of Data

• In order to present the information in a proper manner to user , the data can be collected through two main methods – primary & secondary.
• Primary data collection refers to collecting original data or collecting data directly from the source.
• Secondary data collection refers to collecting data from secondary sources such as books , journals, researches reports, online databases, internet etc.

Types of Information

• Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Information Most information is generally divided into three main categories: Primary , Secondary and Tertiary.
• Primary Information: Original material that has not been interpreted or analyzed. Examples: Direct Market Survey Results, Compiled Questionnaires, etc.
• Secondary Information: Created from primary material or by the interpretion of original material. Examples: Textbooks, Research articles, websites, etc.
• Tertiary Information : Acts as a tool in understanding and locating information Examples: Outputs from Databases queries, Dictionaries, Bibliographies, References, etc.

Benefits of Information

The benefits of information in organization are: ▪ It helps in Management Control, Decision Making and Build Models. ▪ Quality of information is also vital issue. The various parameters of quality are validity, consistency, reliability. Errors occurs as result of giving too much importance and preference to the quantity of information rather than quality.

Summary (In Brief)

• An IS accepts data resources as input and process it and delivers information as output.
• Information System consists of : (i) people resources (end users & IS specialists), (ii) h/w resources (machines & media), (iii) s/w(program & procedures), data (fact & figures) (iv) networks (communication media & network support) to perform input, processing o/p, storage, and control activities and convert data resources into information products.

Framework of IS

• Definition It is a set of rules that defines a unified and coherent structure consisting of constituent parts and connectivity that establish how those parts fit and work together for IS.

Framework of IS

Model Architectural Layer Organization Business Structure (Policies & Practices) Activities / Interactions / Operational programs Processes Entity – Relationship Information System Architecture Technology Mgt. Users/Visitors Customers Organizational Tasks Booking/Registration applications Databases Info. Databases