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Study with the several resources on Docsity
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Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
This study guide provides essential preparation tips for mastering the cidesco exam. It covers key concepts in biology, chemistry, and physics relevant to beauty therapy, including the properties of matter, organic and inorganic substances, ph levels, and the effects of various types of radiation. The guide also includes questions and answers to help students test their knowledge and prepare for the exam. It is designed to help students achieve a top score on the cidesco exam.
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I Biological and non-biological substances both need oxygen for their existence. II The human body consists only of biological substances. - ansI is correct and II is incorrect Characteristics of life include: - ansgrowth and metabolism Examples of synthetic substances are: - ansplastics and silicones Examples of organic biological substances are: - anscarbohydrates and fats Examples of mineral substances are: - ansparaffins and petroleum Matter is everything that: - ansoccupies space and has weight The three forms of matter are solids, liquids and: - ansgases What property does all matter have? - ansAll matter has weight Condensation is the change of matter from: - ansa gas to a liquid Vapourisation is the change of matter from: - ansliquid to a gas Melting is the change of matter from: - ansa solid to a liquid Sublimation is the change of matter from: - ansa solid to a gas Condensation is: - ansthe change of a vapour to a liquid The alteration of the properties of matter without the formation of any new substance is called a/an: - ansphysical change The immediate change of a solid into a vapour is called: - anssublimation An example of a single-celled cellular organism is: - ansa bacterium I. A micro-organism is the smallest part of the human body. II All micro-organisms need nutrients for their existence. - ansI is incorrect and II is correct Examples of bacteria are: - ansbacilli and cocci I. Every living organism needs some non-biological substances for it's existence. II. All non- biological substances are found as minerals in the earth. - ansI is correct and II is incorrect Science deals mainly with: - ansphysics and chemistry The study of the structure of the body is called: - ansanatomy The study of the functions of living organisms is: - ansphysiology I Anatomy is a very important science in the field of biology. II Anatomy is the science which deals with the functions of the human body. - ansI is correct and II is incorrect I Physiology is a very important science in the field of biology. II Physiology is the science which deals with the functions of the body. - ansI and II are both correct Which one of the following belongs to the science of chemistry? - ansThe alteration of the structure of molecules I Chemical reactions only take place outside and not inside a living organism. II The structure of molecules change during chemical reactions. - ansI is incorrect and II is correct The field of physics includes: - ansheat and electricity Which one of the following belongs to the field of physics? - ansSound, electricity and heat The field of physics includes: - ansthe science of electricity An anion is: - ansA negatively charged atom An anion is: - ansa negatively charged chloride atom (CI-) A cation is: - ansA positively charged sodium atom (Na+) An electrolyte is: - ansA substance which, dissolved in water, splits into ions Examples of electrolytes are: - ansacids and salts An example of an electrolyte is: - anssalt-solution An acid is an electrolyte because: - ansit can conduct an electric current
An example of an inorganic acid is: - anssulphuric acid An alkali must contain: - ansmetal atoms and hydroxyl group(s) (OH) An example of an alkaline substance is: - anssoap If a metal-oxide is dissolved in water it forms: - ansan alkali The pH scale is used to measure the degree of acidity or: - ansalkalinity pH can be decreased by: - ansincreasing hydrogen-ions The letter p in pH means: - anspotential pH is: - ansthe number of free H-ions in solution If the pH of a solution is between 5 and 7, the solution is a: - answeak acid If the pH of a solution is between 1 and 3 the solution is a: - ansstrong acid If the pH of a solution is between 7 and 9 the solution is a: - answeak alkali If the pH of a solution is between 12 and 14 the solution is: - ansstrong alkali The pH of distilled water is: - ans Lemon juice, with a pH reading of about 2, is considered to be: - ansacid Pure water, with a pH of 7, is considered to be: - ansneutral Substances having a pH value above 9.5 are considered to be: - ansalkaline The pH of the skin's acid mantle is: - ans5. A characteristic of a weak acid is that it: - anssupports the natural pH of the skin A characteristic of a weak alkali is that it: - anssoftens the stratum corneum of the skin The effect of a strong acid is: - anscorrosive and therefore of no use in beauty therapy A characteristic of organic acids is that: - ansthey contain the element carbon (C) Organic acids are found in: - anssebum and plants An organic acid contains the chemical-group: - ansCOOH An anode is: - ansA positively charged electrode A cathode is: - ansA negatively charged electrode Examples of electrodes which are used in beauty therapy are: - ansthe needles used for galvanic electrolysis In physics, radiation means: - ansthe electro-magnectic waves in space system The unit of frequency is: - ansHertz In physics, frequency means: - ansthe number of times per second an electro-magnetic-wave can change direction The unit of frequency is: - ansHertz Hertz is a unit of: - ansfrequency In the visible spectrum the colours in the correct order are: - ansred, orange, yellow and green In the visible spectrum the colours in the correct order are: - ansgreen, blue, indigo and violet Invisible rays which can be used in beauty therapy are: - ansinfra-red and ultra-violet rays Infra-red radiation: - ansis invisible and can be felt Infra-red radiation is absorbed: - ansin the dermis and muscles Infra-red rays can be used in beauty therapy for: - answarming The effect of infra-red rays on the skin is to: - answarm the deeper layers of the skin An indication for a treatment with infra-red rays is: - ansa poor blood circulation in the skin A contra-indication to treatment with infra-red radiation is: - ansskin showing teleangiectasias on the cheek area Infra-red radiation is used: - ansto warm the tissues before massage
The meaning of desincrustation is: - ansto remove substances from the skin's surface Desincrustation to remove substances from the surface of the skin is done with a: - ansgalvanic machine and cathode as the active electrode The effect of desincrustation on sebum is: - ansa saponification process caused by galvanic, current A machine for iontophoresis is most likely to contain: - ansa rectifier and a transformer A machine for desincrustation is most likely to contain: - ansa rectifier and a transformer I. Galvanic current can be obtained from a dry cell (battery) II. The electric mains supplies galvanic current. - ansI is correct and II is incorrect The electrical device that changes alternating current into direct current is a: - ansrectifier The function of a rectifier is to change: - ansan alternating current into a galvanic current When do the electrodes in electrotherapy have be moistened or to be applied on a moistened skin? - ansin iontophoresis and not short wave diathermy What can occur if galvanic electrode is not applied to the skin with a regular pressure all over the surface of the electrode: - anson the spot of the highest pressure skin burning can occur The electrical device that changes voltage is called a: - anstransformer The function of a transformer is to change: - ansthe voltage of an alternating current to a different voltage A fuse is an electrical device that: - ansprotects apparatus or circuits from overloading A fuse in an electrical apparatus: - ansis the weakest part of the electrical circuit The safety practises that should be observed in a beauty salon when using electrical appliances: - ansare the responsibility of the employer of the salon The smallest structural unit in the hunan body is called the: - anscell The study of the structure of the body is called: - ansanatomy The study of the functions of the human body is: - ansphysiology The outer wall of a cell is called the: - anscell membrane Deoxyribonucleic acid or D.NA: - anscarries genetic information Which of the following is the genetic material of the cell? - ansDNA The main part of the cell which contains protoplasm is the: - anscytoplasm The nucleus of a cell is directly surrounded by: - ansthe nuclear membrane The part of the cell in contact with it's environment is the: - anscell membrane The part of a cell that controls the activities of the cell is the: - ansnucleus The nucleus of a cell contains: - ansDNA The nucleus of a cell contains: - ansnucleoli Meiosis is a process concerned with: - ansbody division of a sex cell The process of cell division where the mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called: - ansmitosis The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the ends of the cell is: - ansmetaphase The last stage of mitosis is known as: - anstelophase The phase of mitosis in which the chromatin of the nucleus forms chromosomes is: - ansprophase The phase of mitosis in which two identical daughter cells are produced is: - anstelophase The phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell is: - ansmetaphase When a cell is dividing, the nucleus forms: - anschromosomes
Which of the following is the phase between periods of cell reproduction? - ansinterphase A human cell with 22 autosomes and a Y sex chromosome would be a: - anssperm Male reproductive cells contain: - ans22 chromosomes and either an X- or a Y-chromosome The structural unit of all living organisms is: - ansa cell Histology is the study of: - ansthe microscopic structure of tissues Which one of the following structures is NOT an example of a tissue? - ansheart The name for a collection of similar cells grouped together for a particular function is: - anstissue Tissues are composed of: - anscells Tissue specialised for movement is: - ansmuscular Tissue which provides support and protection and binds structures together is: - ansconnective The rapid co-ordination of many complicated body functions is carried out by: - ansnervous tissue Impulses can be transmitted throughout the body by: - ansnervous tissue Tissue found lining the surfaces of organ is: - ansepithelial Flat, scale-like epithelial cells are anatomically referred to as: - anssquamous Which one of the following is NOT formed from connective tissue? - ansthe epidermis The characteristic tissue of skin glands is: - ansepithelial tissue Which one of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue? - anscontraction Simple squamous epithelium is found: - ansin the alveoli of lungs Simple cuboidal epithelium is found: - ansin kidney tubules Which of the following organs is lined with stratified epithelium? - ansmouth A gland which produces it's secretion as the entire cell disintegrates is known as: - ansThe holocrine gland Tissue found supporting organs is called: - ansconnective An example of connective tissue is: - anscartilage Blood is a specialised kind of: - ansconnective tissue Which one of the following is NOT composed of dense connective tissue? - ansadipose tissue Loose connective tissue specialising in fat storage is: - ansadipose tissue Tendons are made of: - anscollagen What type of connective tissue is found in the wall of an artery? - anselastin The connective tissue which contains many collagenous fibres embedded within a firm matrix is: - anscartilage Connective tissue serving as a shock absorber in joints is: - anscartilage Cartilage that has a bluish matrix and few fibres is: - anshyaline cartilage All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms is known as: - ansmetabolism The metabolic process in which energy is liberated by the destruction of complex substances is known as: - anscatabolism The metabolic process in which simple substances converted into more complex compounds is known as: - ansanabolism During a period of cell growth: - ansmore anabolism than catabolism takes place Metabolism mainly takes place in: - ansthe cytoplasm The heat-producing power of foods is measured in units of energy called: - ansjoules
The contractive part of a muscle is the: - ansbelly Flexion of the hip joint is carried out by the: - ansrectus femoris The muscle which flexes the thigh and leg is the: - anssartorius The zygomatic arch gives origin to the: - ansmasseter The triceps muscle is an example of a/an: - ansextensor The face muscle which contracts during smiling is the: - anszygomaticus The deepest chest muscles are the: - ansintercostals The quadriceps muscle: - ansextends the knee The zygomaticus muscle has it's insertion on the: - ansskin of the corner of the mouth The muscle which totally covers the shoulder-joint is the: - ansdeltoid The muscle that lifts the leg in the hip joint is the: - ansbiceps femoris A muscle that pulls up the corner of the mouth is the: - anszygomaticus The normal temperature of the human body is approximately: - ans37 Degrees Celcius Which one of the following components is NOT present in tissue fluid? - ansred blood cells Which chemical is NOT transported in the liquid part of the blood? - ansfibrin The percentage of water in blood plasma is: - ans90% Which component of blood transports oxygen? - anserythrocytes Which of the following is NOT a component of human blood? - ansfibroblasts The cells responsible for the defence of the body are: - answhite blood cells The blood cells which do not have a nucleus are: - anserythrocytes Blood cells are formed in the: - ansbones The destruction of red blood cells takes place in the: - ansliver After birth, red blood cells are made in the: - ansbone marrow Which one of the following minerals is used to produce haemoglobin? - ansiron The function of white blood cells is to: - ansdestroy bacteria The name of the substances which stimulate the production of anti-bodies in the blood is called: - ansantigens The component of blood responsible for the manufacture of antibodies is: - anslymphocytes The substances produced in the body which destroy or neutralise foreign substances are called: - ansantibodies Defence against antigens does NOT take place by: - anserythrocytes The component of blood mostly concerned with the control of infection is: - answhite blood cells The component of blood which plays an important role in clotting is: - ansplatelets The primary function of thrombocytes is to: - ansplay a role in blood clotting Which vitamin causes an increase in clotting time of blood when it is deficient? - ansK When blood clots, the soluble substance which becomes insoluble is called: - ansfibrinogen The following processes occur after blood has come into contact with damaged tissue: 1. thrombokinase produced by platelets 2. thrombin combines with fibrinogen 3. production of a fibrin net 4. calcium and prothrombin combined. The correct order in which they appear is: - ans Calcium in the blood is necessary for: - ansblood coagulation Deoxygenated blood enters the heart by the: - ansright atrium The name of the cavity in which the heart lies is called: - anspericardial cavity
When the ventricles of the heart contract the: - ansaortic and pulmonary valves open Blood is prevented from returning to the ventricles after they have completed their contractions by the: - anssemilunar valves Which one of the following chambers of the heart pumps blood to the lungs? - ansright ventricle The average rate of heart beat of a healthy adult in rest in number of beats per minute is: - ans The right ventricle and the left atrium are connected by the: - ansthe pulmonary circulation The blood vessel that collects blood from the digestive organs is the: - anshepatic portal vein The blood pessel which has thick muscular weals and caries de-oxygenated blood is the: - anspulmonary artery The right ventricle of the heart: - ansis the beginning of the pulmonary circulation After leaving the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the: - anspulmonary artery A characteristic that CANNOT be applied to veins is that they: - ansalways carry blood away from the heart An INCORRECT statement about arteries is that they: - anshave valves A characteristic of ALL arteries (except pulmonary arteries) is that they: - anstransport blood rich in oxygen Arteries: - anshave an elastic wall The muscle tissue located within the walls of blood vessels is: - anssmooth muscle tissue The extremely thin walls of capillaries are made of: - ansonly endothelium Tissue fluid leaves the capillaries by: - ansdiffusion The function of capillaries is NOT for the purpose of the: - ansdestruction of antigens The lymphatic vessel that gathers most of the lymph is the: - ansthoracic duct The liquid which carries dissolved substances from capillaries to cells and back is: - anstissue fluid Macrophages and lymphocytes that filter lymph are situated in the: - anslymph nodes Fat is transported through the circulatory system by: - anslymph The fluid between the cells is driven along by: - anspressure from the contracting muscles around them The location of the spleen is: - ansto the left of the body under diaphragm After leaving the left ventricle, blood flows from the heart to the: - ansaorta The name of the vessel taking blood from the stomach to the liver is called the: - anshepatic portal vein The blood vessel which discharges into the right atrium (auricle) is the: - ansinferior vena cava The blood vessel NOT connected to the liver is the: - ansthe inferior vena cava Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? - ansthe blood vessel connecting the aorta to each kidney is the renal vein Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? Blood flows: - ansfrom the aorta to the head in the jugular vein Which of the following statements about blood is INCORRECT? - anstakes urea from the kidneys to the liver Blood is carried to the liver through the: - anshepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
The exchange of gases during external respiration takes place in the: - ansalveoli Which one of the following processes results in a release of energy in a living cell? - ansrespiration External respiration is: - ansthe exchange of oxygen and carbon-dioxide in the lungs The exchange of gases between air in the lungs and the blood is called: - ansexternal respiration The function of external respiration is: - ansTo carry oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it Oxygen passes from blood into tissue, and carbon dioxide passes from tissues into the blood by a process known as: - ansdiffusion The approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is: - ans21% Which one of following statements is INCORRECT? - ansexhaled air is dryer than atmospheric air Exhaled air contains: - ansmore oxygen than carbon dioxide The brain regulates breathing rate DIRECTLY by: - ansthe concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood A CORRECT combination of breathing activites is: - ansdiaphragm lowered, ribs raised, air taken in During inspiration: - ansthe diaphragm moves downwards A disadvantage of breathing through the mouth is that the: - ansinspired air is purified insufficiently A function of the kidneys is: - ansto regulate the water content of the blood Urea is exereted by the: - anskidneys Which one of the following substances is NOT NORMALLY present in urine? - ansglucose Which one of the following statements is CORRECT? A person who drinks a lot of water but does no additional exercise will have: - ansmore urine which is more diluted Which of the following is NOT removed via the kidneys in a healthy person? - ansglucose Urea is a waste product produced from: - ansamino acids Substances which should NOT be found in the glomerular filtrate are: - ansblood cells and plasma proteins The kidneys are generally located between the: - ans12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae The kidneys receive blood from: - ansthe renal artery The functional unit of the kidney is the: - ansnephron The glomeruli are found in: - ansthe renal cortex After filtration in the nephron, urine contains: - ansmineral salts A function the kidneys do NOT carry out is: - ansstorage of urine Which one of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? - ansremoval of carbon-dioxide in solution The Loop of Henle is found mainly in the kidney's: - ansmedulla In a kidney tubule, which part is responsible for absorbing water from the filtrate into the blood? - ansLoop of Henle Which one of the following substances is NOT a hormone? - anspancreatin Which one of the following does NOT act as an exocrine gland? - anspituitary gland Acromegaly is most likely to occur in: - ansan adult
Acromegaly results from an increased function of the: - anspituitary gland The hormone which acts on cells to increase amino acid uptake and protein synthesis is: - ansluteinising hormone ACTH influences the secretion of: - anscortisone Anti-diurefic hormone is released by the: - ansposterior lobe of the pituitary gland Vasopressin (ADH) regulates: - ansthe amount of urine exereted by the kidneys The hormone which regulates the body's metabolism is: - ansthyroxine The element required by the thyroid gland for the production of its hormone is: - ansiodine Hormones that contain IODINE are produced by the: - ansthyroid Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of the hormone: - ansthyroxine When the plasma calcium level falls, parathyroid hormone secretion: - ansincreases The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland regulates the: - anslevel of calcium in blood plasma In tetany there is a low blood level of: - anscalcium The islets of Langerhans are located in the: - anspancreas Insulin in the blood controls the concentration of: - ansglucose A function of insulin is to: - anspromote the uptake of glucose by the cells Glucagon is a hormone produced by: - ansthe alpha cells of the pancreas A person with diabetes loses weight and tires easily because: - ansshe is unable to metabolise blood sugar A person with diabetes lacks: - ansinsulin A disease caused by a disorder of the pancreas is: - ansdiabetes mellitus The adrenal glands are situated: - anson top of the kidneys Which of the following is NOT caused by adrenaline? - anserection of hairs The release of adrenaline: - ansincreases blood glucose levels and heart rate The endocrine gland that secretes a hormone which helps a person to react in a dangerous situation is the: - ansadrenal gland Oestrogen is produced in the: - ansovary The gland which controls the production of sex hormones is: - ansthe pituitary gland Female reproductive organs are under control of: - ansF.S.H. A function of oestrogen is to: - ansregenerate the endometrium The change from a girl to an adult at puberty is controlled by the hormone: - ansoestrogen Ovulation usually takes place about: - ansfourteen days after menstruation The hormone which converts the Graafian follicle to a corpus luteum is: - ansluteinising hormone The corpus luteum produces hormones under the influence: - ansthe pituitary gland The corpus luteum: - ansis formed during every menstrual cycle Progesterone levels fall: - ansafter degeneration of the corpus luteum Which one of the following statements about the uterus is INCORRECT? - anseggs are fertilised there Fertilisation of an ovum takes place in the: - ansfallopian tube Hormones are NOT secreted by: - ansthe uterus The effect of the contraceptive pill is to: - ansprevent pregnancy While using the contraceptive pill: - ansovulation does not take place
Fertilisation takes place in the: - ansfallopian tube The function of amniotic fluid is to: - ansprotect the embryo from tolts and knocks The name given to the cell which is formed immediately after fertilisation is the: - anszygote The male gonads produce: - anstestosterone Male hormones are produced in: - ansthe testes The layer of the epidermis in which the cells are fully keratinised is the: - ansstratum cornetum In the epidermal layer of skin, whick one of the following is the superficial layer containing 25 - 30 rows of dead, keratinised epithelial cells? - ansstratum corneum New cells of the skin produced the: - ansstratum germinativum Keratinisation of the epidermis starts in the: - ansstratum granulosum The tough waterproof material that provides cells in the outer layer of skin with a protective quality is: - anskeratin Melanin granules are found in the: - ansstratum spinosum Which one of the following structures CANNOT be found in the dermis of the skin? - anskeratin The dark pigment found in the epidermis of skin is known as: - ansmelanin Melanocytes are found in the germinating layer of the epidermis; their products: - anschange under the influence of ultra-violet radiation into melanin The cells which make the skin's pigment are called: - ansmelanocytes Melanin is: - ansa pigment A nail grows from: - ansthe matrix The function of the nail cuticle is to: - ansprevent infection around the nail entering the nail fold The hyponychium lies: - ansunder the free edge The nail plate can be divided longitudinally into: - ansnail root-nail body- free edge Which one of the following parts of a growing hair consists of actively dividing cells? - ansgerminal matrix The part of the hair which contains pigment is the: - anscortex The part of the growing hair follicle that is in contact with the hair is the? - ansinner root sheath The germinal matrix of a hair is part of which one of the following layers of the epidermis? - ansbasal layer The growing stage of the hair growth cycle is called: - ansanagen The stage of the hair growth cycle in which the follicle shortens is: - anscatagen The resting stage of the hair growth cycle is called: - anstelogen The stage of hair growth in which a club hair formed is: - anscatagen Sebaceous glands are attached to: - anshair follicles In skin: - anssebaceous glands are affected by sex hormones The function of the sebaceous glands in the skin is to: - ansproduce oil to soften the skin Sebum consists of: - anslipids mixed with epithelial cells Maintaining the acidity of the skin is necessary: - ansprevent bacteria attacking the skin Which one of the following statements is correct? - ansthe pH of the skin is normally slightly acid
Which of the following glands are attached to some hair follicles? - ansapocrine Which one of the following is NOT found in the dermis? - ansepithelial tissue The solidity of the dermis is mainly due to: - anselastic and collagen fibres Which one of the following results in local vasodilation? - anshistamine The subcutaneous tissue is: - ansconstructed from fat cells and fine fibres Which one of the following does NOT occur when the skin is exposed to ultra violet rays? - anshorny layer becomes thinner Without the use of galvanic current, water soluble substances: - anscannot penetrate into the skin at all The skin protects the body against micro-organisms by: - ansproducing an acid mantle The skin's moisture content is lost more rapidly when the surrounding air is excessively: - anshot The skin regulates body temperature in hot weather by: - ansdilation of blood vessels The skin regulates body temperature in cold weather by: - ansconstriction of blood vessels Hair is caused to stand on end by the action of: - ansarrector pili muscles The main effect of sweating is to: - anslower body temperature The skin acts as a sensory organ because it responds to stimuli such as: - anspressure The skin acis as a sensory organ because it contains: - ansnerve endings The skin can absorb oily substances: - ansthrough the hair follicle Which of the following statements are correct? I. Lipids are absorbed into the skin through the epidermis II. Lipids are absorbed into the skin through the dermis. - ansonly I is correct The skin is an excretory organ because it excretes: - anssweat When the skin is exposed to sunlight produces: - ansvitamin D Skin is thinnest on the: - anseyelids Skin is thickest on the: - anspalms of the hands Deep wrinkles in the skin are caused by: - anschanges in structure of collagen fibres The natural creases in the skin are known as: - ansLanger's lines One of the factors which partly responsible for skin colour is: - ansblood supply The colour of skin in a healthy person is determined mainly by: - ansmelanin Herpes zoster: - ansaffects the nerves A wart is caused by: - ansA virus Which one of the following skin diseases is caused by a fungus? - ansringworm A skin infection where small depigmented areas are seen, particularly on a tanned skin is: - anstinea versicolor A skin infestation in which burrows are seen and which is very itchy is: - ansscabies A congenital skin disorder: - anspsoriasis A skin disease caused by disorder of keratinisation is: - ansichthyosis Ichthyosis is a skin disease in which there is: - ansA disorder of the keratinisation-process of the skin, during which coarse scales are formed Stretch-marks result from: - ansdegeneration of the connective tissue A malignant tumour of epithelial tissue is called: - anscarcinoma A skin condition which can be a symptom of advanced liver disease is: - ansspider naevi The cause of a port wine stain is: - ansan abnormal growth of vessels blood vessels Separation of a nail plate from it's nail bed is called: - ansonycholysis
Which one of the following is a covalent compound? - anscarbon dioxide Rusting of iron is caused by: - ansoxidation The valency of oxygen is: - ans Which one of the following compounds is a hydrocarbon? - anspetrolatum Which of the following chemicals consists mainly of hydrocarbons? - ansmineral oil Which of the following is a solid hydrocarbon? - ansparaffin wax Which one of the following acids is most abundant in fats and oils from plants and animals? - ansstearic acid Ointments mixtures in a: - anssemi-solid state Freeze drying of a substance is known as: - anslyophilisation The breakdown of natural fats to produce soap is an example of: - anssaponification A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution is called a/an: - anssolute An example of a universal solvent is: - answater Cleansing milk is an example of: - ansan emulsion The process in which a liquid is boiled and the vapour allowed to condense is called: - ansdistillation The property of becoming temporarily liquid when shaken or stirred is called: - ansthixotropy An emulsion in which the parts are all of the same size is called: - anshomogenous The thickness of liquid is known as: - ansviscosity An emulsion is: - ansan homogeneous mixture of two substances not mixing under normal conditions A more permanent mixture of two immiscible substances is called a/an: - ansemulsion An emulsion is: - ansa dispersion of one phase in another The main ingredient oil-in-water emulsion is: - answater The main ingredient in a water-in-oil emulsion is: - ansoil The main function of an emollient is to: - anssoften the surface of the skin Which one of the following has an emoltient effect on the skin? - ansalmond oil A wax of vegetable origin used in the making of lipstick is: - anscarnauba A substance having the ability to attract water to itself is: - anshumectant Which one of the following is a humectant? - anspropylene glycol A substance that repels water is called: - anshydrophobic The effect of camomile on the skin is: - ansanti-inflammatory Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is found in: - ansself-tanning products Royal jelly contains: - ansVitamin B The name given to the grease extracted from sheep's wool is: - anslanolin Which one of the following is white, solid, substance? - anscetyl alcohol Algae are used in cosmetic because they: - anshave a conditioning effect on the skin Which one of the following ingredients is obtained from a succulent cactus-like plant? - ansaloe vera Amino acids are used in cosmetics because they: - ansmoisturise the skin Azulene is substance obtained from: - ansthe camomile plant Allantoin is used in cosmetics because: - ansof it's healing properties Aluminium salts are ingredients of: - ansastringents Calamine is used in cosmetics because it: - anshas a soothing effect
Chlorhexidine is used in cosmetics because: - ansit is an effective bacteriocide Collagen is used in cosmetics because it: - anshelps the skin retain moisture Hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleaching agent because it: - ansis an oxidising agent Natural moisturising factor (NMF) contain: - ansamino acids Placentary extracts are used in cosmetics: - ansfor skin activating Witch hazel is used in cosmetics as: - ansan astringent An ingredient of anti-acne products is: - ansvitamin A acid An example of a herb used in cosmetics is: - ansarnica Water that contains large of calcium and magnesium salts is called: - anshard water Hard water can be made suitable for clinic purposes by: - ansdistillation Water can be softened in different ways. NOT suitable is to: - ansadd lime Water that does NOT contain any other substance is: - ansdistilled water Volatile oils obtained from flowers and leaves are known as: - ansobtained essential oils A method of extracting essential oils from flowers and leaves is: - anssolvent extraction A substance added to perfume to slow down the rate of evaporation of the volatile ingredients is called: - ansa fixative An alternative to the use of wet cotton pads when cleansing the face is: - ansfacial sponges The main function of a day cream is to: - ansprotect the skin against the environment The function of a moisturiser is to: - ansprevent dehydration of the skin The function of a tonic is to: - ansremove oil fron the skin after cleansing An ingredient of astringents is: - answitch hazel A night cream usually has a high content of: - ansoil Which one of the following ingredients is a sunscreen? - ansoctyl methoxycinnamate Face masks are used on the skin because they: - ansleave the skin smooth and soft A substance widely used as an astringent is: - answitch hazel Calamine is used as an ingredient of face masks because it: - anshas a soothing effect An ingredient of face masks that has strong absorbent properties is: - anskaolin A mask ingredient that is capable of dissolving dead cells on the skin's surface is: - anssulphur A mask ingredient that has a soothing effect and is used on mature dry skins is: - ansalmond oil An important ingredient of hand lotions and hand cream is: - ansa humectant Foundation should be applied with a: - anssponge Areas the face that have wide or prominent features which must be minimised are covered with: - ansdarker foundation A foundation has the effect of: - ansgiving an even colour to the skin The function of a concealer in make-up is to: - anscover areas of the face Concealer will: - ansdisguise spots The main purpose of the use of face powder is to: - ansset the foundation Face powders usually consist of a powder base, a colouring agent and: - ansperfume Talc is one of the main ingredients used in: - ansface powder Eyeliner is applied to the edges of the: - anseyelids Mascara is usually available in the form of cake, cream or: - anspaste The function of mascara is to: - ansthicken eyelashes
The main aim of skin cleansing is to: - ansremove surface dirt and make-up Which one of the following is NOT a method of cleansing the skin: - ansastringent lotion The qualities of a skin cleanser should: a) cleanse the skin effectively, without causing irritation b) remove all traces of make-up and grease c) be easy to remove from the skin d) all of the above - ansall of the above Advice that should be given to client for skin cleansing at home: - anscleanse and tone twice a day Draining effleurage should be used: - ansto relax tight, contracted muscles The psychological effects of massage are: - anssedates and uplifts client The treatment for obstructed pores with many comedones is: - anslymph drainage Frictions are given first of all to: - ansrelax stiff, deeply situated muscles A direct effect of massage on the skin is: - ansphysiological action Frictions are given in the first place to: - anslessen hardness in the deeper situated muscles A stroking method of massage is known as: - anseffleurage The most stimulating effective massage movement for blood circulation is: - anstapotement The massage movement in which the skin is grasped between the thumb and forefinger is called: - anspetrissage Strengthening weakened muscles of facial expression can best be achieved using: - ansfinger tapotements A contra-indication to a full body massage is: - ansa recent removal of malignant tissue Frictions, small circular movements performed with pads of thumbs or fingers, are most effective: - ansaround joint areas The purpose of friction movements is to: - ansdisperse local pockets of oedema Rapid muscle contractions in the therapists hands produce the massage movement knowin as:
The hair shaft and the hair root removed by: - ansdepilatory wax Removal of hair by the roots is called: - ansepilation An advantage of strip waxing compared to other methods of hair removal is that it: - ansis the quickest method A contra-indication to electrical epilation is: - ansthe client with a pace-maker Hot wax should be applied with: - ansA wooden spatula A method of forcing water-soluble substances into the skin using an electric current is: - ansiontophoresis Permanent hair removal takes place by: - anselectrical epilation Lymph drainage is performed correctly if the beauty therapist gives: - anspumping movements on the tissue Intermitent pressure is used to: - ansremove liquid out of the muscle tissue Which one of the following statements is correct? - answarm water and vapour cause hyperaemia in the skin resulting in an increased glandular activity The main effect of desincrustation is the: - ansproduction of alkali at the cathode Ozone is formed during: - anshigh frequency massage A usual purification of the skin is performed: - answith steam or steam and herbs A galvanic current is used during: - ansdesincrustation An electrical treatment that uses sound waves is: - ansaudio-sonic An electrical treatment that is used for toning muscles is: - ansinterferential The effect of a laser treatinent can be to: - anshelp remove tattoos The main purpose of a brush machine is to: - ansremove dead cells from the skin's surface Vacuum suction treatment should NOT be used on: - ansan inflammed skin Desincrustation is a treatment mainly used on: - ansan oily skin The infra-red lamp should NOT be used on a skin that: - anshas dilated capillaries During the first part of desincrustation, the positive pole of the galvanic unit should: - ansbe held in the client's hand A contra-indication to vacuum suction treatment is: - ansa spider naevus A contra-indication to the use of steam is.: - ansrosacea A necessary precaution that should be taken in using electrical apparatus is to: - ansremove jewellery from the client and the beauty therapist In an isometric muscle exercise the joints are: - ansnot moved in spite of tightening and relaxing the muscles A figure assessment should be carried out: - ansevery 6 treatments An abnormality of the vertebral column which gives a humped back appearaince is: - anskyphosis The use of a plumbline in figure correction is important to: - ansassess postural defects Cellulite is caused by a disorder of the: - ansconnective tissue An example of a carbohydrate is: - ansglucose Which one of the following foods has the lowest calorific value per gram? - ansmilk The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to: - ansprovide a source of energy The main function of protein in the body is: - ansfor growth and repair of body tissue Which one of the following foods has the highest calorific value per gram? - ansbutter