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1. This exam has 7 pages including this cover. There are 5 problems. Note that the problems are not of equal difficulty, so you may want to ...
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a. [4 points] Let X be a finite set. Let T be a topology on X. Define
T ′^ = {S | X − S ∈ T }.
Show that T ′^ is a topology on X.
b. [2 points] Give a counterexample to show that the statement in part a. is false if X can be infinite.
b. [2 points] A group G such that |G| > 2 and if H ≤ G, then H = {e} or G. i.e. G has no proper nontrivial subgroups.
c. [2 points] A set S along with an order relation such that every element has an immediate successor but at least one element (other than the smallest element) doesn’t have an immediate predecessor.
d. [2 points] A topology T on the set X = {a, b, c, d} such that {a, b}, {b, c} ∈ T , but T is not the discrete topology.
e. [2 points] A basis for a topology on R that is not comparable to the standard topology.
T ′^ = T ∪ {U ∪ { 0 } | U ∈ T }.
a. [4 points] Check that T ′^ is a topology on R.
b. [4 points] Consider R equipped with the topology T ′. Let A ⊆ R. Show that 0 ∈ A¯ if and only if 0 ∈ A.
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