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MCAT Review Questions with Answers Graded A+, Exams of Nursing

Howard Community CollegeNursing

MCAT Review Questions with Answers Graded A+

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/11/2026

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MCAT Review Questions with Answers Graded A+
1.
cell differentiation is involved
in what kind of signaling?
2.
correspondence interference
theory
mRNA
it's when someone recognizes a trait/behavior of yours and
assumes other characteristics based on that one trait.
3.
trypsin
lyses
peptide
bonds
4.
adrenal medulla
vs adrenal cortex
medulla = epi, norepi (catecholamines)
cortex = cortisol and aldosterone
5.
volt units
J/C
6.
farad units
C/V,
electric
charge
7.
when BP increases, what hap-
pens to pulse and urine?
8.
in the urinary system, what oc-
curs when there is high blood
pressure?
both
increase
high
BP
more blood pushing, greater blood volume
increase urine output
9.
for
urine,
what
is
the
ideal
com-
no protein, just HUNK (hydrogen, urea, nitrogen, potassium)
position?
10.
what part of the brain controls
HR?
brain
stem
(medulla
oblogata)
11.
math tip for solving logs
switch
sign
of
exponent
take exponent and add or subtract it by first number moved
back a tenth
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23

Partial preview of the text

Download MCAT Review Questions with Answers Graded A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. cell differentiation is involved in what kind of signaling?
  2. correspondence interference theory mRNA it's when someone recognizes a trait/behavior of yours and assumes other characteristics based on that one trait.
  3. trypsin lyses peptide bonds
  4. adrenal medulla vs adrenal cortex medulla = epi, norepi (catecholamines) cortex = cortisol and aldosterone
  5. volt units J/C
  6. farad units C/V, electric charge
  7. when BP increases, what hap- pens to pulse and urine?
  8. in the urinary system, what oc- curs when there is high blood pressure? both increase high BP more blood pushing, greater blood volume increase urine output
  9. for urine, what is the ideal com- no protein, just HUNK (hydrogen, urea, nitrogen, potassium) position?
  10. what part of the brain controls HR? brain stem (medulla oblogata)
  11. math tip for solving logs switch sign of exponent take exponent and add or subtract it by first number moved back a tenth
  1. hydrogen bonds: donor vs ac- ceptor
  2. columns on the periodic table have the same what?
  3. fractional distillation + bubbles =? donor = H acceptor = electronegative atom same properties due to their valence electrons therefore, you can compare elements based on their column superheating bubbles break surface tension and lower pressure
  4. color in organic chemistry extended pi system with alternating double bonds d orbitals**
  5. ADH antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) makes collecting duct more permeable, body reabsorbs wa- ter, makes you pee and concentrates urine, BP increases
  6. when you see cancer, think of? mutation
  7. BP equation resistance x CO CO = HR x SV
  8. vasoconstriction narrows vessels restricts flow increases BP
  9. what occurs when you faint? decrease of BP, vasodilation
  10. large Ka strong acid
  11. buffers want to stay at pka = pH
  12. do indicators affect reactions? no
  13. mitochondria
  1. myopia nearsightedness need concave lens, diverge, f-
  2. hyperobia farsighted convex lens, converge, f+
  3. basic amino acids lysine histidine arginine
  4. isomerase rearrangement of atoms, moving carbons
  5. thin layer chromatography separates molecules based on polarity
  6. james lange theory of emotion
  7. shacter singer theory of emo- tion
  8. canon bard theory of emotion physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time
  9. merkel cells touch receptors in the skin
  10. pacinian cells vibration
  11. ruffini endings respond to stretch
  12. transformation swallowing genetic information
  1. transduction injection, requiring a virus
  2. conjugation sex pilli, F factor
  3. translocation movement of genes
  4. autosomes every other chromosomes
  5. define a species ability to produce ottspring
  6. gas liquid chromatography higher BP - > more polar - > appears farther right
  7. anion exchange chromatogra- phy Negative proteins stick to positive beads, only positive pro- teins go through
  8. isoelectric point pH at which positive and negative charges cancel
  9. size exclusion chromatography large molecules elute first, smaller molecules get suck in little divits

YOURSELF

succeed = internal fail = external

  1. fundamental attribution error OTHERS others internal as reasoning
  2. cytochalasins drugs that inhibit growth of microfilaments
  3. molar mass units g/mol
  4. molecular weight units g/mol
  5. how do antisense drugs work? timing of expression, not where a gene is located
  6. cell differentiation and mRNA mRNA turnover causes cell ditterentiation to be very sensitive
  7. urine and blood pressure rela- tionship increased urine = increased blood pressure
  8. eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells prokaryotes do not have mitochondria
  9. mammalian skin sensation, protection from disease, protection BUT NOT respiration
  10. inbreeding deleterious recessive genes
  11. what does sympathetic ner- controls: vous system control versus not peristalsis control?

doesn't control: activity of digestive enzymes

  1. flow of blood in body arteries, capillaries, veins
  2. what affects cell differentia- tion?
  3. high concentrations of nitro- gen in urine means what? cell position breaking down macromolecules like proteins/amino acids which leads to a byproduct of nitrogen starvation leads to breaking down proteins
  4. transcription vs translation transcription copies translation changes the language
  5. viruses need host to survive (obligate intracellular) viral proteins created by translation
  6. virions form of virus that needs host cell to survive
  7. kidney filtration - being filtered through the nephron
    • water, Na, K, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids
  8. proximal convoluted tubule - reabsorption of K, NaCl, water, amino acids
    • all of glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed
    • secretion of uric acids, removed from body via urine
  9. loop of henle descending limb - water reabsorbed; ascending limb - NaCl reabsorbed
  10. distal convoluted tubule - reabsorption of some NaCl and water - secretion of H and K, moving back into nephron

Memory loss of previously stored information due to injury or neurological disease

  1. Meritocracy Opportunity based on talent and ettort
  2. Relative poverty Social disadvantage by income or wealth
  3. Confounding variable a factor other than the factor being studied that might influ- ence a study's results
  4. How to address the problem with groupthink? Critical evaluation of all options and stifle dissent
  5. Groupthink a cohesive group's blind unwillingness to consider alterna- tives, stick with one solution and run with it without consid- ering others
  6. Interference Information in memory interferes with the encoding or re- trieval of other information
  7. Avoidance learning an organism's learning that it can altogether avoid a negative stimulus by making a particular response
  8. Escape learning an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some aversive stimulation
  9. Acquisition in conditioning refers to the period of learning
  10. Structural functionalist Distinction between manifest, intended, latent, or unintend- ed fuctions of social practices which sustain social stability.
  11. Medicalization Issues experienced in society are defined and treated by medical experts
  12. Primacy Information learned FIRST remembered best
  1. How do you inhibit protein ac- tivity? Repress transcription
  2. Do neuron divide? No
  3. Active transport Moving ions from low concentrations to high concentrations using ATP
  4. Can ions cross the membrane? Need assistance via a membrane channel
  5. Nuclear localization sequence A sequence of amino acids (usually basic) that directs a protein to the nuclear envelope, where it is imported by a specific transport mechanism.
  6. Ubiquitination targets a protein for degradation by a proteasome via phos- phorylation
  7. Thiol group SH, can form covalent bonds by disulfide bond formation
  8. What does a detergent do to proteins Alters its conformation and exposes amino acids
  9. ROS Lack/presence of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide
  10. Oligodendrocytes Myelin producing cell in CNS
  11. Blood flow in GI Small intestine - > liver
  12. Antibiotic resistance Often caused by genetic changes within a pathogen that allow the pathogen to withstand the action of an antibiotic
  13. How to find percent increase between 2 numbers Big number / small

a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons, ammonium copper for example

  1. Coordination number the number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal
  2. When is a compound a stronger Lewis base?
  3. Which element has the small- est second ionization energy? More willing to donate electrons Less electronegative Be
  4. Log (0.1) = - 1
  5. Power consumed equation P=PE/t = mgh/t
  6. Ratio of sound intensity Always base 10
  7. Equivalent resistance equation 1/fractions in parallel
  8. tidal volume air inhaled
  9. oogensis steps fertilization birth puberty menopause mitotic division occurs during fertilization and birth
  10. what hormones are involved in epinephrine and norepi sympathetic nervous system?
  11. vessels have what kind of mus- smooth cle?
  1. why does immune system avoid attacking the tissues of its own body? supresses cells specific to the body's own antigens
  2. adaptive radiation divergence of one species into several done so by placing subgroups of the original species in ditterent environments to evolve independently
  3. Estrogen and progesterone ef- fect on period
  4. calcitonin vs parathyroid hor- mones can kick-start period calcitonin reduces Ca Parathyroid increases Ca
  5. Force on a charge qE
  6. How does increased ADH effect increases BP which in turn increases glomerular filtration rate the kidney?
  7. what two primary factors de- cardiac output = CO termine the level of blood pres- resistance to blood flow sure?
  8. cardiac output equation stroke volume x heart rate
  9. most bacterial cells and human the ability to produce ATP via ATP synthase cells are alike in...
  10. bone resorption breaking down bone tissue to release minerals and calcium into the blood
  11. calcitonin lowers blood calcium

what happens to a produced image if index of refraction is increased?

  1. 2/5 0.
  2. 3/5 0.
  3. 5/7 0.
  4. 4/7 0.
  5. 5/3 1.
  6. during inhalation, what occurs? decreased pressure contraction of diaphragm
  7. which side of heart is thicker and why? The left ventricle is thicker because it has to pump blood all around the body
  8. cholesterol is precursor to steroids - testosterone and estrogen
  9. pancreas excretes what? proteolytic enzymes
  10. math problems related to cell division use...
  11. if MT spindles disrupted, what occurs?

PDT

uneven distrubution of chromosomes

  1. turnover rate substrate - > product
  2. prokaryotic transcription oc- curs where? cytoplasm bc they have no nucleus
  1. mutagens are carcinogens
  2. what does the body do to coun- dilates skin capillaries to expel heat teract a fever?
  3. aldosterone vs ADH location aldosterone - distal ADH/vaso - collecting duct
  4. acids versus base charge acid - base +
  5. pI of amino acid charge high pI, positive, basic
  6. schwann cells produce myelin in PNS
  7. adipose is what kind of tissue? connective tissue
  8. ectoderm, mesoderm, endo- derm
  9. pH and pI relationship if pH < pI + if pH > pI -
  10. within air, what component of sound remains the same?
  11. equation of a point charge in an electric field speed kq/r
  12. torque equation T=Frsin(theta) (rF)
  1. static friction
  2. frictional force equation force x distance
  3. potential energy equation for linear motion
  4. electron capture mgh
  5. for snell's law, if n2 > n1, then... the incident angle is great than the angle from the medium
  6. erythrocytes contain ions and proteins
  7. glycolysis net result 2 ATP per glucose 2 NADH
  8. an increase in osmotic pressure increase water in that area means...
  9. a pulse leads to... circulation
  10. hemoglobin under normal con- carried in RBCs, not found in plasma ditions
  11. if there is hemoglobin in plas- ma, what has occurred? cell lysis
  12. what kind of bonds are in fats? ester linkages
  13. gram negative bacteria stain red
  1. inhalation does what to pres- sure?
  2. genes that are extra-chromo- somally are what? decreases self-replicating
  3. meiosis output 2 daughter cells with the same nuclear material
  4. if you prevent the product of a gene, you prevent... translation
  5. mutations can only be fixed by nucleotide excision, replacing bases
  6. biggest difference between eu- membrane bound organelles karyotes and prokaryotes
  7. blood pressure factors CO, resistance
  8. if you decrease ATP, what hap- pens to sperm? decrease motility/movement
  9. what does antibiotics do? inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
  10. DNA replication produces copies of....
  11. if a male has a recessive gene, they... the parent strand pass it onto daughter