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MIDI: Understanding Ports, Devices, Sequencers, and Messages, Slides of Multimedia Applications

Amity University - BiharMultimedia Applications

An overview of midi (musical instrument digital interface), focusing on midi ports, devices such as controllers and synthesizers, sequencers, and midi messages. Midi is a communication protocol that enables electronic musical instruments to connect and communicate with each other. It allows for the exchange of performance data, program changes, and control information.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 04/23/2013

sarasvatir
sarasvatir 🇮🇳

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MIDI Ports
•MIDI devices may have up to 3 ports
–MIDI IN port to receive data (to be played
back/synthesized by the device, for example)
–MIDI OUT port for MIDI controllers which
generate their own MIDI data
–MIDI thru to pass the input data to the next MIDI
device in the daisy chain arrangement
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Download MIDI: Understanding Ports, Devices, Sequencers, and Messages and more Slides Multimedia Applications in PDF only on Docsity!

MIDI Ports

• MIDI devices may have up to 3 ports

  • MIDI IN port to receive data (to be played

back/synthesized by the device, for example)

  • MIDI OUT port for MIDI controllers which

generate their own MIDI data

  • MIDI thru to pass the input data to the next MIDI

device in the daisy chain arrangement

MIDI Devices

  • MIDI controllers generate performance data in MIDI format
  • MIDI synthesizers generate audio output based on MIDI data - A single keyboard might act as both MIDI controller and MIDI synthesizer - A synthesizer can be some hardware (instrument) or a program (soft synth)
  • MIDI sequencers can be used to receive, store and edit MIDI data - Either hardware device or an application program

MIDI Sequencers

• MIDI data can be used to produce musical

scores corresponding to the data, so

sequencing software is often tightly coupled

to musical notation software

Musical Acoustics and Notation

  • Musical sounds are characterized by pitch (frequency),

timbre , loudness

  • A note also carries start and duration info
    • Two notes which differ in pitch by 2^n, sound alike to the human ear (except for the higher pitch)
    • An octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency
    • The division into notes of an octave differs from culture to culture
    • In Western culture, 440 Hz is a reference point and is called note A
    • The octave between one note A and another (440-880 Hz, e.g.) is divided into 12 notes

Musical Acoustics and Notation

Musical Acoustics and Notation

MIDI Messages

  • The following is a typical 3 byte MIDI Note On message:

(10010101) (01000000) (01011010)

  • This message is interpreted as follows.
    • The first byte is the status byte while the second and third are data bytes
    • The most significant bit of the byte determines which type of byte it is
    • The next three bits of the status byte code the Note On message
    • The four least significant bits give the channel to which this message is directed - In the case, channel #5. (Note that we can have up to 16 channels addressed through a single MIDI cable)

MIDI Channels

MIDI Channel Voice Messages

  • Channel voice messages are used to transmit real-time performance data throughout a connected MIDI system
  • There are seven channel voice messages:
    • Note On
    • Note Off
    • Polyphonic Key Pressure
    • Channel Pressure
    • Program Change
    • Control Change
    • Pitch Bend Change

MIDI Channel Voice Messages

  • A Note On message indicates the beginnning of a MIDI note
  • The message consists of three bytes of information: MIDI channel number; MIDI note number; Attack velocity value - In general, MIDI note 60 is assigned to middle C key, and notes 21- correspond to the 88 keys of an extended keyboard controller
  • The final byte indicates the velocity at which the key was pressed - Higher velocities lead to louder notes - Not all instruments interpret all attack velocities, and some do not respond dynamically at all

MIDI Channel Voice Messages

  • Polyphonic Key Pressure messages are transmitted by

instruments that are capable of playing more than one sound at a time (e.g. a chord on a keyboard instrument)

  • The message indicates a pressure message for each key that is depressed
  • Pressure values can commonly be assigned to such parameters as vibrato, loudness, and pitch
  • Channel Pressure messages are commonly transmitted by

polyphonic instruments that will only respond to a single overall pressure applied to their controllers, regardless of the number of keys being played at any one time

MIDI Channel Voice Messages

• The Program Change message changes the

program or preset number that is active in a

device or instrument

  • Up to 128 presets can be selected by using this

message

  • This can be used, for example, to switch between

the different sounds of a synthesizer or to change

the rhythm patterns of a drum machine

Pitch and Mod. Wheels

MIDI Channel Mode Messages

  • Controller numbers 121-127 are reserved for Channel Mode messages. These include: - Reset all controllers - Local control - All Notes Off - MIDI Mode messages