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Indole Positive and Negative example. - ✔✔Positive: E. coli Negative Kleb. pneumo Methyl red Positive and Negative example. - ✔✔Positive: E. coli Negative: Kleb. pneumo Citrate Positive and Negative examples. - ✔✔Positive: Kleb. pneumo Negative: E. coli VP and Citrate reactions for E. coli and Kleb. pneumo: - ✔✔E. coli: negative Kleb. pneumo: positive Eosinophils in urine sediment indicate: - ✔✔acute interstitial nephritis What is measured in procainamide? - ✔✔N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) Which microorganism is linked to glomerulonephritis? - ✔✔Post-streptococcal: S. pyogenes Group A
What diseases are linked to basophilic stippling? - ✔✔-beta thal major
- lead poisoning Organisms that must be worked on under the hood: - ✔✔-Brucella
- N. meningitidis
- Mycobacterium
- Fungi and Molds Who discovered ABO groups? - ✔✔Karl Landsteiner Beer's Law states that: - ✔✔absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of substance in solution Positive and Negative Control for Oxidase. - ✔✔P. aeruginosa - pos E. coli - neg Positive and Negative control for butyrate: - ✔✔Pos: M. catarhalis Neg: N. gonorrhoeae How do you differentiate Group D Strep from enterococcus? - ✔✔-Both are Bile Esculin pos
- 6.5% NaCl: Gp D is neg Enterococcus is pos
Procedure for Using a Winged Blood Collection Device to Collect a Specimen for Coagulation Tests: - ✔✔Discard a blue top then use 2nd blue to get rid of air Football shaped egg with hyaline plugs at each end: - ✔✔Trichuris trichiura Up to 4 nuclei, chromatoidal bars, vacuoles: - ✔✔E. histolytica cyst *trophozoites ingest RBCs..if you see this you can call it histolytica! Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in: - ✔✔Megaloblastic anemias: Vit B12 or Folate deficiency Triple phosphate crystals are found in _______ urine and look like ______. - ✔✔alkaline; coffin lids Tumor marker for colon cancer: - ✔✔CEA To determine peak levels, collect specimens after: - ✔✔-IV:15-30 minutes IM: >2 hours Oral: 1-2 hours Bacitracin test can also be used to differentiate: - ✔✔bacitracin-resistant Staphylococcus from bacitracin-susceptible Micrococcus
Primary marker for distinguishing pyelonephritis (upper UTI) from cystitis (lower UTI) - ✔✔WBC cast Waxy casts are more easily visualized than hyaline casts because of their: - ✔✔higher refractive index associated with prolonged vomiting - ✔✔Metabolic Alkalosis (Cl- loss so HCO3- retention) Associated with severe diarrhea: - ✔✔Metabolic Acidosis-losing bicarb..also associated with salicylate poisoning and diabetic ketoacidosis Disease associated with echinocytes? Artifact? - ✔✔Uremia; didn't dry blood fast enough or completely The parathyroid gland releases PTH to __________ Ca2+ and ____PO4- - ✔✔increase ; eliminate PT, PTT and TT are all high - ✔✔Fibrinogen Nontreponemal test for syphillis - ✔✔CSF VDRL Cushing's - ✔✔
A change in the expression of D antigen is called _____. - ✔✔Partial D False negative urobilinogen urine strip: - ✔✔Light Formalin False positive urobilinogen urine strip: - ✔✔Anything that reacts with Ehrlich's reagents" PBG and sulfonamides Conn's Syndrome effects: - ✔✔Increased aldosterone= ++Na+ and BPand blood volume and decreased K+ What can elevate the SG? - ✔✔High protein, glucose, bilirubin (LMWH) Low molecular weight heparin therapy is monitored by: - ✔✔Anti-Xa assay Possible causes of PT, APTT, and TT being prolonged: - ✔✔1. Afibrinogenemia
- dysfibrinogenemia
- DIC
- Heparin contamination
- Thrombin inhibitors Urinary antigen testing: - ✔✔Legionella pneumo
Strep pneumo Histoplasma capsulatum Target cells are seen in: - ✔✔Lt Sh. Liver disease thalassemia splenectomy Hb C disease Sporothrix schenckii - ✔✔"Rose Gardner's Disease" Conidophores look like a daisy Cigar shaped yeast Hydatid cyst fluid - ✔✔Echinococcus granulosus neutralize anti-P Excessive antacid use causes: - ✔✔-Hypermagnesia
- Hypophosphotemia Mg in the antacid binds PO4 in blood and prevents it from being absorbed
- Aluminum toxicity? Review ouchterlony plate/double immunodiffusion. - ✔✔Page 225 Micro book
