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This module is talking about Dei Vebrum in theology.
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THEOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 (THEO 1a-OLD TESTAMENT)
Instructors
Topics: A. Different Editions of Old Testament: i. Jewish ii. Protestant iii. Catholic B. Divisions of the Old Testament: i. Pentateuch Opening Prayer : Creator of all things, true Source of light and wisdom, lofty origin of all being. Graciously let a ray of Your brilliance penetrate into the darkness of my understanding and take from me the double darkness in which I have been born, an obscurity of both sin and ignorance. Give me a sharp sense of understanding, a retentive memory, and the ability to grasp things correctly and fundamentally. Grant me the talent of being exact in my explanations, and the ability to express myself with thoroughness and charm. Point out the beginning, direct the progress, and help in completion; through Christ our Lord. Amen.
After the lesson, the students should be able to: ● Differentiate the three edition of the Old Testament. ● Distinguish the divisions of the 2 editions of Old Testament with the title of the book. II. INTRODUCTION Activity: Identify the books where they belong. Write P , if the book belonged to Pentateuch; H , for books belonged to Historical, W, for the books belonged to wisdom writings; and Pr , for books belonged to the Prophetic books. (This may be given during discussions). Notes:
they will suffer its consequences. The prophets also foretold God’s promise of sending Messiah. Ketuvim (The Writings) This third division included all the books not included in the Law and the Prophets. This section contains the five “wisdom writings” all written in poetry: the Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes). The succeeding “Five rolls”: Ruth, Lamentations, Esther, and the two mentioned wisdom books (Sg and Qoh/Eccl) were read in the liturgy of five annual feasts. The insertion of the books of Chronicles, Ezra-Nehemiah, and Daniel into this section suggests the relatively late composition of these works and the already closed collections of the first two divisions. According to scholars the three divisions of Law, Prophets, and Writings – in that order – may be taken to represent three stages of growth of the Hebrew Scripture and their chronological acceptance or canonical or inspired Word of God. None of these three collections had an established official date of canonicity, so the given dates are all approximate dates (Law – c. 5th cent. B.C., Prophets- c. 3rd^ cent. BC. Writings- c. 1st^ cent. AD). The closing of the Jewish canon (c. 100 AD) is associated with the meeting of rabbis of Jamnia to discuss certain books, books but there is no evidence that any list of books was drawn up. The safest statement seems to be that there was no rigidly fixed Hebrew canon until the end of the 2nd^ century AD. Greek canon Going back to Israel’s history during the Greek occupation, the Hebrew language was gradually displaced by the language of the empire. After some generations, the majority of Jews scattered in the empire knew only one language, Greek. To nourish their faith, the Jews at Alexandria in Egypt translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek (c. 250-150 B.C.). in the process of translation, seven books were added: Baruch, Sirach, Wisdom, Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, and parts of Esther and Daniel. These additional books which we call deuterocanonical are not recognized by Jewish scholars as inspired. This Greek edition is also called Septuagint (LXX) because of a legend attached to it. The legend narrates that seventy-two translators from Jerusalem came to Egypt for the job. They completed the work quickly and to the satisfaction of all those concerned. Hence the name “septuagint”, reflect the Latin for seventy, the rounded number of translators. The quality of translation according to scholarly, analysis is quite uneven; some parts are well done, others are badly done. At times several translators can be discerned by scholars within a single book. But it was most popular among the Jews of the Diaspora of the first century A.D. The arrangement of the LXX books (46), in contrast to the Hebrew canon (39 books), has four divisions according to similarity of contents which our English Bibles have followed. As a whole this Greek version is of great importance because it was the scripture used by the apostles in evangelizing the Greek-speaking gentile world. And eventually it became the Christian Bible with the added New Testament (c. A.D. 100).
GREEK CANON (46 books) Greek translation (LXX) 250-150 B.C.
Former-
After the lesson, the students should be able to: ● Name the books in the Pentateuch. ● Explain the theme of each book in the Pentateuch. ● Narrate important Biblical events. **II. INTRODUCTION Activity: *** This activity may be given during the discussion.
Yahwist (“J”) Uses the personal name YHWH for God; vivid, earthy style; anthropomorphic view of God: “YHWH walks and talks with us”; refers to Mount Sinai as place of the Mosaic covenant; refers to natives of Israel as “Canaanites.” Origin in the southern kingdom (Judah) prior to 922 BC during King Solomon’s monarchy when pride was high. Second creation account (Gen 2:4b–25) Egyptian plagues (Ex 7:14–10: ) God’s promises to the patriarchs:
their lives. Deuterono mist (“D”) God is YHWH; emphasis on morals and the law; central role of several long speeches by Moses; meant to be spoken aloud to remind people of the demands of the covenant. Possibly composed and/or edited after 640 BC by a priest in the northern kingdom at the shrine at Shechem. It may have been completed in Jerusalem. The speeches of Moses (Deut 1:1–30:20) Interprets Israel’s history in a cycle of reward for fidelity and punishment for sin; Israel should respond to the covenant and the Law in worship; “Listen, Israel” is a constant refrain: the covenant is now. Israel’s fidelity to God’s law is the uppermost concern of the Deuteronomist; obedience to God’s law brings rewards and disobedience brings certain adversity. Priestly (“P”) God is Elohim; formal style; interested in census lists and genealogies; concern for numbers, dates, ways of worship, Temple ceremonies, clean and unclean animals. Composition often dated to the Babylonian exile (587–538 BC) to strengthen the faith and hope of the people; may have been completed as late as 400 BC. First creation account (Gen 1:1–2:4a) Priestly laws (Lev 1:1–27:34) Great emphasis on worship; sees life and God’s action in the history of Israel as a liturgy. Because it may have been the last source written, P gives a coherent framework to the Pentateuch. Priestly editors under Ezra gave the first five books of the Bible their final form.
hank you, Lord God, for opening my eyes to the light of your wisdom. You have delighted my heart with knowledge of truth. I ask You, Lord, help me always to do Your will. Bless my soul and body, my words and actions. Grant that I may grow in grace, wisdom and virtue, that Your name may always be glorified, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, now and forever. Amen. References: Baybay, Monina V, FSP. Discovering Together God’s Word. Paulines Publishing House, 2017 Smith-Christopher, D. ,Mullen, Rev. J.P, Sacred Scripture: A Catholic Study of God’s Word. © 2013 by Ave Maria Press, Inc. Notre Dame, Indiana, Retrieved on October 25, 2020. https://1.cdn.edl.io/s06B1M6ogJwtaB4mr5TDBddFfTX9cBQsD5Yvv4ZpxqKsSgNp.pdf
