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MSCP COMP EXAM | VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY
GUIDE
Educate for Formation in Faith - Answers - Integrates faith and reason in the pursuit of truth, promotes spiritual growth alongside intellectual development, encourages respectful humility and openness to all beliefs, helps students form a strong moral and ethical foundation. Provide an Excellent Education - Answers - Develops the whole person: mind, body, heart, and spirit; blends liberal and professional education; emphasizes lifelong learning, critical thinking, and inclusion; encourages diverse cultural understanding and meaningful teacher-student interaction. Educate in Family Spirit - Answers - Builds a loving, supportive community; encourages mutual respect, care, and belonging; promotes collaboration and shared responsibility; provides courage to take risks and celebrate success together. Educate for Service, Justice and Peace - Answers - Connects learning to real-world issues; encourages active service and advocacy for the common good; promotes justice, human dignity, and care for the marginalized; cultivates social responsibility and ethical action. Educate for Adaptation to Change - Answers - Encourages flexibility, innovation, and resilience; prepares students to thrive in a changing world; upholds core values while embracing new methods; inspired by Chaminade's quote: 'New times call for new methods.' Five-Factor Model (Big Five) - Answers - OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. Openness to Experience - Answers - Characterized by imagination, creativity, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things. High Openness - Answers - Imaginative, adventurous, open to new ideas. Low Openness - Answers - Conventional, prefers routine, resistant to change. Abraham Maslow - Humanistic Psychology - Answers - Created the hierarchy of needs; believed in human potential and self-actualization. Personality is driven by motivation to meet needs, from physiological to transcendence. Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory - Answers - Unconscious mind (id, ego, superego); psychosexual stages of development; defense mechanisms; personality shaped by early childhood experiences and internal conflicts.
Carl Jung - Analytical Psychology - Answers - Collective unconscious & archetypes; introversion vs. extraversion; psychological types (basis for MBTI); individuation (self- realization process); emphasized the process of individuation. Alfred Adler - Individual Psychology - Answers - Inferiority complex & striving for superiority; birth order & personality; social interest & community feeling; lifestyle as a core aspect of personality. Karen Horney - Neo-Freudian - Answers - Basic anxiety & neurotic needs; feminist critique of Freud (womb envy); interpersonal relationships shape personality; moving toward, against, or away from people. Erik Erikson - Psychosocial Development - Answers - Eight psychosocial stages (lifespan development); each stage presents a conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development (e.g., identity vs. role confusion); emphasis on social and cultural influences. Gordon Allport - Trait Theory - Answers - Believed traits were the building blocks of personality and emphasized the uniqueness of the individual. Cardinal traits - Answers - Traits that dominate and shape a person's behavior. Central traits - Answers - General characteristics that form the foundation of personality. Secondary traits - Answers - Traits that are more preferences than core characteristics. Functional autonomy of motives - Answers - The idea that motives can become independent from their original drives. Idiographic approach - Answers - An individual-focused approach to personality assessment. Hans Eysenck - Answers - Psychologist known for the Biological Trait Theory. PEN model - Answers - Three-factor model consisting of Psychoticism, Extraversion- Introversion, and Neuroticism-Emotional Stability. Psychoticism - Answers - A personality trait associated with aggression and impulsivity. Extraversion-Introversion - Answers - A dimension of personality that describes sociability and energy levels. Neuroticism-Emotional Stability - Answers - A trait reflecting emotional instability versus emotional stability.
Countertransference - Answers - The therapist's emotional response to the client, often rooted in unresolved issues. Assertive Training - Answers - A technique to help clients express thoughts and feelings directly and respectfully. Systematic Desensitization - Answers - A behavioral method where clients are gradually exposed to feared stimuli while using relaxation techniques. Imagery - Answers - Using mental visualization to evoke calmness, confront fears, or rehearse new behaviors. Modeling - Answers - Learning by observing and imitating the behaviors of others. Unfinished Business - Answers - Unresolved past experiences or emotions that interfere with current functioning, often explored in Gestalt therapy. Separation Anxiety - Answers - Excessive fear or distress about being away from attachment figures, common in children but can appear in adults. Phobia - Answers - A persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to avoidance. Cognitive Homework - Answers - Therapeutic assignments that challenge or reinforce new ways of thinking between sessions. Contracts & Homework Assignments - Answers - Written agreements or tasks that promote accountability and therapeutic progress. Self-Concept - Answers - A person's view or perception of themselves, including beliefs, values, and self-worth. Diathesis-Stress Model - Answers - A theory that psychological disorders result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Double-Bind - Answers - A communication dilemma where a person receives conflicting messages, leading to no acceptable response—linked to early theories of schizophrenia. Learning Principles: Classical Conditioning - Answers - Learning through association, like Pavlov's dogs salivating to a bell. Learning Principles: Operant Conditioning - Answers - Learning through consequences—reinforcements or punishments influence behavior.
Learning Principles: Social Learning - Answers - Learning through observing others and the outcomes of their behavior (Bandura). Social Learning Theory - Answers - Behavior is learned through observation, imitation, and modeling, often influenced by perceived rewards or punishments. Avoidance - Answers - A behavior where a person evades situations or thoughts that cause distress, often reinforcing fear or anxiety. Resistance - Answers - Client behavior—conscious or unconscious—that delays or prevents progress in therapy. Negative Reinforcement - Answers - Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. Counseling Treatments for Depression - Answers - CBT, IPT, Behavioral Activation, medication, ACT, and supportive psychodynamic approaches. Treating Burn-Out - Answers - Includes self-care, setting boundaries, stress management, time off, therapy, and workplace interventions. Difficulty Expressing Anger - Answers - Treatment may involve assertiveness training, emotion-focused therapy, journaling, and role-play. Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers - Tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior. Alzheimer's Disease & Neurotransmitters - Answers - Primarily involves reduced acetylcholine and changes in glutamate—linked to memory loss and confusion. Medical Diagnosis - Answers - Identifying physical health conditions using medical criteria. Psychodiagnosis - Answers - Assessment of psychological disorders using tools like the DSM-5. Differential Diagnosis - Answers - Distinguishing between two or more conditions with similar symptoms. Rule-Out Diagnosis - Answers - A condition being considered but not yet confirmed as the diagnosis. Non-Verbal Behavior - Answers - Body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and gestures that convey meaning without words.
DSM-IV multiaxial system - Answers - What are the 5 axes of the DSM-IV multiaxial system? Axis I: Clinical Disorders, Axis II: Personality Disorders/MR, Axis III: Medical Conditions, Axis IV: Psychosocial Stressors, Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Psychological assessment - Answers - What are the primary means of psychological assessment? Clinical interviews, psychological testing, behavioral observations, neuroimaging Ethical issue in mental health diagnosis - Answers - What is a common ethical issue in mental health diagnosis? Labeling and stigma Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Answers - What disorder involves excessive, uncontrollable worry lasting at least 6 months? Best treatment approach for GAD - Answers - What is the best treatment approach for GAD? CBT and SSRIs Panic Disorder - Answers - What disorder is characterized by sudden, intense episodes of fear with physical symptoms? Exposure therapy - Answers - What therapy is most effective for phobias? Obsessions vs. Compulsions - Answers - What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions? Obsessions are intrusive thoughts; compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety ERP - Answers - What is ERP used to treat? Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Positive symptoms of schizophrenia - Answers - What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Hallucinations and delusions Negative symptoms of schizophrenia - Answers - What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? Apathy, flat affect, lack of motivation Antipsychotics - Answers - What medication class is typically used to treat schizophrenia? Community-based treatment for schizophrenia - Answers - What is the goal of community-based treatment for schizophrenia? Deinstitutionalization and support through case management Anorexia Nervosa - Answers - What eating disorder is marked by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight?
Bulimia Nervosa - Answers - What eating disorder involves bingeing and purging behaviors? Alcohol - Answers - What type of substance is alcohol? Depressant Stimulants - Answers - What are examples of stimulants? Cocaine, methamphetamine Hallucinogens - Answers - What are examples of hallucinogens? LSD, PCP Controlled drug use vs. abstinence - Answers - What is the difference between controlled drug use and abstinence? Harm reduction vs. complete sobriety Stages of Change - Answers - What is the most effective relapse prevention model? Stages of Change (Prochaska & DiClemente) 5 stages of change - Answers - List the 5 stages of change. Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance Clusters of personality disorders - Answers - What are the three clusters of personality disorders? Odd (A), Dramatic (B), Anxious (C) Cluster A disorders - Answers - Which disorders are in Cluster A? Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal Cluster B disorders - Answers - Which disorders are in Cluster B? Borderline, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Histrionic Cluster C disorders - Answers - Which disorders are in Cluster C? Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive Factitious Disorder - Answers - What disorder involves intentional faking of symptoms without external incentives? Somatoform disorder - Answers - What is a somatoform disorder? Psychological disorder with physical symptoms not explained by a medical condition Psychodynamic explanation for suicide - Answers - What is the psychodynamic explanation for suicide? Unconscious desire to die or self-punish Durkheim's sociocultural model of suicide - Answers - What is Durkheim's sociocultural model of suicide? Egoistic, altruistic, anomic, fatalistic suicide types Biological factor linked to suicide - Answers - What biological factor is linked to suicide? Low serotonin levels
How humor helps with stress - Answers - It shifts cognitive processing, promotes emotional flexibility, and lightens mood. Spirituality linked to stress management - Answers - It provides meaning, community, and values that can buffer against stress. Cognitive restructuring - Answers - Identifying and challenging irrational or harmful thoughts and replacing them with healthier ones. Difference between pessimistic and optimistic appraisal - Answers - Pessimists see stressors as permanent and pervasive; optimists see them as temporary and manageable. Psychoneuroimmunology - Answers - The interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. Common effects of stress on the immune system - Answers - Decreased resistance to illness and increased inflammation. BDNF and its role in stress - Answers - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; it supports neurogenesis and is enhanced by exercise. Neuroplasticity - Answers - The brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections. Default network of the brain - Answers - A network active when the brain is at rest and not focused on the outside world. Negativity bias - Answers - The tendency to focus more on negative experiences than positive ones. Wuwei in Daoism - Answers - Effortless action or flow with the natural world. Xinzhai in Daoism - Answers - Fasting of the heart—emptying the mind of distractions. Four Noble Truths in Buddhism - Answers - 1) Life has suffering, 2) Suffering has a cause, 3) Suffering can end, 4) There is a path to end it. Stress management model - Answers - A holistic, proactive approach addressing root causes rather than symptoms. Proactive approach to health - Answers - Preventative and wellness-focused, addressing problems before they arise. Medical model emphasis - Answers - Diagnosis and treatment of symptoms.
Leading causes of death linked to - Answers - Lifestyle choices and chronic stress. 8 principles of social psychology - Answers - Constructed reality, social influence, mastery, connectedness, conservatism, accessibility, superficiality vs. depth, self- fulfilling prophecy. Scientific method - Answers - A systematic way to observe, measure, and experiment to draw conclusions. PSMP - Answers - Personal Stress Management Plan. Bamboo bridge's function in the Santee text - Answers - To provide a metaphorical path for balance and wellness. Gestalt Therapy Main Goal - Answers - To increase awareness, freedom, and self- direction by helping clients focus on the present moment and take responsibility for their experiences. Difference between a sample and a population - Answers - A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population used in a study. Statistic in research - Answers - A numerical value that describes a characteristic of a sample. parameter in research - Answers - A numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population. descriptive statistics - Answers - Summarize data (e.g., mean, SD). inferential statistics - Answers - Draw conclusions about a population based on a sample. sampling methods - Answers - Random = every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected; Stratified = the population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics, and random samples are taken from each subgroup. independent variable (IV) - Answers - The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher; the presumed cause. dependent variable (DV) - Answers - The variable that is measured; the presumed effect of the independent variable. null hypothesis (H₀) - Answers - The assumption that there is no effect or relationship; researchers try to reject it.
parametric statistics - Answers - Statistical methods that assume a normal distribution and use interval or ratio data (e.g., t-tests, ANOVA). non-parametric statistics - Answers - Statistical methods used when data are not normally distributed or are ordinal/nominal (e.g., chi-square, Mann-Whitney U). correlational study - Answers - A study that examines the relationship between two or more variables without inferring causation. experimental method - Answers - A research method that involves manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment, and control to establish causality. types of counseling groups - Answers - Psychoeducational, Counseling, Psychotherapy, Support, Task/Work. matching a client to group type - Answers - Assess readiness, functioning level, goals; consider contraindications like active psychosis or severe cognitive impairments. key competencies for group counseling leaders - Answers - Empathy, self-awareness, group process skills, theoretical knowledge, ethical and cultural competence. stages of Tuckman's model of group development - Answers - Forming (trust), Storming (conflict), Norming (cohesion), Performing (goal work), Termination (closure). common signs of resistance in group counseling - Answers - Silence, sarcasm, monopolizing, tardiness, withdrawal—often rooted in fear or discomfort. responding to resistance - Answers - Normalize it, gently confront, explore underlying feelings, support group response. Person-Centered Therapy in group counseling - Answers - Leader models genuineness and empathy; group fosters self-directed growth. CBT in group settings - Answers - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy used in group contexts. Adlerian Therapy - Answers - Explores early memories and social interest; encourages insight and responsibility. Existential Therapy - Answers - Focus on core life issues like meaning, isolation, and freedom; supports deep exploration. Gestalt Therapy - Answers - Focus on present moment awareness; uses experiential techniques like role play and empty chair. Solution-Focused Therapy - Answers - Builds on strengths, identifies what's working, sets clear goals; short-term and future-focused.
Feminist Therapy - Answers - Empowerment, equality, examining systems of oppression, shared lived experiences. Psychodynamic Therapy - Answers - Uses group as microcosm of family; explores transference, unconscious patterns, and defense mechanisms. 4 Stages of Group Development - Answers - Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing. Transorbital lobotomy - Answers - This method was used in the mid-20th century as a form of psychosurgery, entering through the eye socket. Covert-destructive behaviors - Answers - These behaviors are secretive and destructive, which defines the covert-destructive subtype. Cognitive-behavioral therapist - Answers - Aversion therapy, such as pairing alcohol with nausea, is a behavioral approach. Ethical advice from psychologists - Answers - Yes, as long as he bases his advice on appropriate psychological practice. Refrigerator parents - Answers - This outdated term was used to describe emotionally unresponsive parenting, once (wrongly) linked to autism. Agranulocytosis risk with Clozapine - Answers - Clozapine carries a risk of agranulocytosis, a serious drop in white blood cells, requiring regular blood monitoring. Idiographic approach - Answers - Focuses on understanding the individual in-depth (vs. nomothetic = general laws). State hospitals in the 1950s - Answers - In the 1950s, overcrowding led to inhumane conditions focused more on control than care. Prefrontal lobotomy - Answers - A needle is inserted into the brain through the eye socket and is then rotated to destroy tissue. Overt-destructive behaviors - Answers - These behaviors are open and destructive, contrasting with covert-destructive behaviors. Overt-nondestructive behaviors - Answers - These behaviors are open and non- destructive, contrasting with overt-destructive behaviors. Covert-nondestructive behaviors - Answers - These behaviors are secretive and non- destructive, contrasting with overt behaviors.
Suicide statistics - Answers - White Americans account for approximately 70% of suicides, indicating overrepresentation. Sociocultural causes of low sexual desire - Answers - Examples include a partner who lacks sexual skills, loss of a job, and infertility problems. Hysterical symptoms - Answers - Freud believed they enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities. Intoxication features - Answers - Common features of cocaine intoxication include intense stimulation and impaired judgment. Symptoms of schizophrenia - Answers - Each phase is differentiated by the severity of the symptoms that are present. Coping with stress - Answers - Exposure to a stressful event can trigger a relapse if one is in the residual phase. Unipolar depression - Answers - Can recur at any age and doesn't consistently lessen with aging. Substance use disorders - Answers - May worsen with age due to physical toll and dependence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - Answers - Tends to be persistent without significant symptom reduction over time. Delirium tremens - Answers - Severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms that can occur in individuals with alcohol dependence. Hallucinosis - Answers - A state characterized by hallucinations, often associated with drug use. Decreasing cross-tolerance - Answers - A phenomenon where the body becomes less tolerant to the effects of a drug. Psychological needs of abused children - Answers - Should be addressed as early as possible for better outcomes. Operant conditioning - Answers - Reinforces behavior when it's followed by a reward — in this case, attention increases the frequency of the behavior. Shaping - Answers - Involves reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior. Modeling - Answers - Involves learning by observing others.
Classical conditioning - Answers - Involves automatic associations between stimuli (like Pavlov's dogs), not consequences or reinforcement. Meta-analysis - Answers - A statistical method that combines results from many studies to evaluate the general effectiveness of psychotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - Answers - Helps by challenging distorted beliefs about social situations and reducing avoidance through exposure and skills training. Psychodynamic therapy - Answers - Focuses on unconscious conflicts, not overt behavior. Biological therapy - Answers - Involves medical or neurological interventions. Sociocultural therapy - Answers - Focuses on family, culture, or community influences. DSM-5 categories of personality disorders - Answers - Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. Personality disorder diagnosis - Answers - Many people who receive the same personality disorder diagnosis can present quite differently. Prescription drug misuse among the elderly - Answers - Confusion about keeping track of all the medications one must take, overprescribing of medications, and negative drug interactions contribute to misuse. Developmentally typical behavior for adolescents - Answers - Seeking advice on major life decisions is normal for those in high school and does not indicate a personality disorder. Narcotic medications - Answers - The advent of newer, cheaper, and more potent narcotic medications is not a direct cause of misuse in the elderly. Passive-aggressive personality disorder - Answers - Remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. Personality disorder clusters - Answers - Personality disorder clusters are quite distinct from one another. Treatment effectiveness - Answers - The average person who received therapy did better than about 75% of untreated individuals. Attention and behavior - Answers - The only time Farah receives attention is when misbehaving in a bizarre way.
Cultural misunderstandings in mental health assessments - Answers - Cultural misunderstandings in mental health assessments often stem from assessors who are unfamiliar with or outside of the client's cultural background. Safety planning - Answers - Asking for a verbal commitment to call again is part of safety planning — a specific intervention to reduce suicide risk by building a support system and action plan. Eating disorders - Answers - Bulimia can involve dangerous behaviors like purging, which leads to electrolyte imbalance, gastrointestinal issues, and heart problems. Aggression - Answers - In research on suicide, abnormal serotonin levels and a dysfunctional depression-related brain circuit are linked to aggression. Normal weight in bulimia - Answers - Compared with people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia are of a more normal weight. Negative reinforcement - Answers - According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, patients engage in compulsive behaviors because those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced. Dominant-culture assessor - Answers - Who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting cultural response as pathology? A dominant-culture assessor. Formulating a plan - Answers - Formulating a plan is part of safety planning to reduce suicide risk by building a support system and action plan. Level of agitation - Answers - The level of agitation can be a variable measured in psychological studies. Beck Depression Inventory - Answers - The Beck Depression Inventory is a tool used to assess the severity of depression. Assignment of the participants to groups - Answers - The assignment of the participants to groups is a crucial aspect of experimental design. Symptoms of avoidant personality disorder - Answers - Symptoms of avoidant personality disorder can be displayed by individuals with eating disorders. Electrolyte imbalance - Answers - Electrolyte imbalance can result from dangerous behaviors associated with bulimia. Gastrointestinal issues - Answers - Gastrointestinal issues can arise from purging behaviors in bulimia. Heart problems - Answers - Heart problems can be a serious consequence of bulimia.
Anxiety-producing thoughts - Answers - Compulsions are performed to avoid anxiety- producing thoughts or situations. Negative correlation - Answers - A negative correlation means that as one variable increases (TV watching), the other (grades) tends to decrease. Schizophrenia - Answers - Schizophrenia is considered a polygenic disorder, meaning that multiple genes — often interacting with environmental factors — contribute to its development. Emotional symptoms of depression - Answers - Emotional symptoms of depression include sadness, irritability, hopelessness, and feelings of emptiness. Prefrontal cortex - Answers - The prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in working memory, decision-making, and attention regulation. PKU (Phenylketonuria) - Answers - PKU is the most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability, affects ~1 in every 14,000 babies. Cluster A personality disorders - Answers - The Cluster A personality disorders — paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal — are known as 'odd' or eccentric disorders. Dependent variable - Answers - In any study, the dependent variable is what the researcher is measuring — the outcome. Physical effects of anorexia nervosa - Answers - Lanugo (fine body hair) and dry, cracked skin are physical effects of extreme malnutrition and starvation. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - Answers - Current research shows that cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective for treating social anxiety disorder. Nutritional deficiencies - Answers - These symptoms result from nutritional deficiencies caused by starvation. Sensation-seeking test - Answers - Students were given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two groups based on their scores. Symptoms of anorexia nervosa - Answers - A person who has anorexia nervosa has dry, rough, cracked skin and may develop lanugo. Social anxiety disorder - Answers - Current research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective for treating social anxiety disorder. Number of gene sites - Answers - Schizophrenia is complex and varied, so it must be distributed across multiple gene sites.
