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MSCP COMP VERIFIED ACCURATE STUDY GUIDE
Carl Jung - Answers - typology-Introvert vs. extrovert Raymond Cattell - Answers - 16 Personality Factor Inventory (16PF)- reserved vs.warm. concrete vs. abstract, reactive vs. emotionally stable, serious vs. lively, etc. Hans Eysnck - Answers - Eysnck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) Henry Murray - Answers - Father of the motive view of Personality The Five Factor Model - Answers - "Big Five"-Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism/Emotionality & Openness Murray's List of Psychological Needs - Answers - Need for achievement, power, affiliation, and intimacy Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Answers - way of measuring motives, view a set of pictures asked to create a story Freud's Pscyhosexual Development (OAPLG) - Answers - Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital Id - Answers - unconscious "pleasure principle" Ego - Answers - "reality principle", takes risk into consideration Superego - Answers - tries to inhibit Id impulses that would be frowned upon Erickson's Theory of Psychosocial Development (IEPSAYAO) - Answers - Infancy-trust vs. mistrust Early childhood-autonomy vs. shame and doubt Pre-school-initiative vs. guilt School age- industry vs. inferiority Adolescence- identity vs. role confusion Young adulthood-intimacy vs. isolation Adulthood-generativity vs. stagnation Old age- ego integrity vs. despair 4 Forms of attachment (SAAD) - Answers - Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganized Classical Conditioning (Pavlov's Dogs) - Answers - responses can be acquired by associating one stimulus with another
Positive Reinforcement - Answers - adding something good to increase behavior Negative Reinforcement - Answers - removing something bad to increase a behavior Humanistic Psychology - Answers - everyone has the potential for growth and development Adler - Answers - birth order, believed that people repeatedly experience feelings of inferiority and strive for superiority Horney - Answers - basic anxiety-feeling of abandonment, of being isolated and helpless. Basic anxiety can be minimized by being raised in a home with trust, love and security, warmth Erickson - Answers - one of the first to propose life-span development, theory of psychosocial development, ego identity Allport - Answers - trait theorist, nomothetic and idiographic view, interactionism, temperaments Carl Rogers - Answers - Humanistic Psychology, self-actualization, congruence, fully functioning person, unconditional positive regard, ideal self and actual self, person centered therapy Maslow (Hierarchy of needs) - Answers - Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belongingness, esteem needs, self-actualization Kelly (Personal Construct) - Answers - Personal constructs-peoples behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are determined by the constructs they use to anticipate or predict events Bandura - Answers - Learning perspective on personality, observational learning, effects of social rewards, self-efficacy Rotter - Answers - Developed locus of control Fear - Answers - state of immediate alarm Phobia - Answers - persistent and unreasonable hear of a particular panic attack Panic Disorder - Answers - marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks. Feels like you're losing control/dying/going crazy. Worry about having another attack. Stress - Answers - An event that creates a sense of threat by confronting a person with a demand or opportunity for change
Pedophilia - Answers - intense sexual fantasies about watching, touching or engaging in sex with prepubescent children Sexual Masochism - Answers - person is being humiliated, beaten, bound or made to suffer Sexual Sadism - Answers - person is inflicting suffering on others Gender-Identity Disorder - Answers - Persistent feelings of being uncomfortable about assigned sex, strongly wishes to be a member of opposite sex Schizophrenia - Answers - Type 1:positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations. Type 2:negative (flat effect, poverty of speech) Dissociative Amnesia - Answers - inability to recall important personal events Dissociative Fugue - Answers - person travels to new location and may assume new identity, simultaneously forgetting their past Multiple Personality Disorder - Answers - person develops one two or more distinct personalities Dementia - Answers - marked by severe problems in memory (Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, pick's disease, cruetzfeldt-Jackob, huntington's, parkinson's Odd Personality Disorders (3 types) PSS - Answers - Paranoid (extreme distrust and suspicion of others), schizoid (avoidance of social relationships) schizotypal (extreme discomfort in close relationships and odd thinking) Antisocial - Answers - general pattern of disregard for violation of the rights of others Borderline - Answers - individual displays repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood Histrionic - Answers - displays a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking Narcissistic - Answers - a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy Avoidant Personality Disorder - Answers - individual is consistently uncomfortable and restrained in social situations Dependent Personality Disorder - Answers - clinging and obedience, fear of separation Obsessive Personality Disorder - Answers - focused on orderliness, perfectionism
Professional Negligence - Answers - going against the code of ethics, doing harm of any kind to a client, disclosing information (on purpose or by accident) Ethical incompetence - Answers - being unaware of code of ethics, being unaware of laws pertaining to care of clients Malfeasance - Answers - risk of doing harm to client, engaging in actions that will risk hurting client Piaget (SPCF) - Answers - Grand cognitive theory: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational Kohlberg - Answers - Moral reasoning Protection of privacy? - Answers - people believe test can see and tell everything about someone Issue of relevance - Answers - only give test that are relevant to case Arthur Otis - Answers - created Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT) that assesses verbal and nonverbal reasoning abilities David Wechsler - Answers - created the WAIS-III, WAIS-IV, to focus on global nature of intelligence David McClelland - Answers - criticized psychometric testing as a way to predict what a person an do if asked to do it. Best way to study people is to study the way people do their work in order to find out how they do it best Item Analysis - Answers - to detect and remove items that fail to discriminate by doing so, enhances reliability and validity on the test Item difficulty - Answers - ex: percentage of test takers who answer the item correctly Item Discrimination - Answers - the extent to which different types of people answer an item in different ways. Can be used to determine which items best measure the construct or content under study Distracter power - Answers - an incorrect alternative. The presence of poorly written distracters detracts from the overall quality of the test because people can earn higher scores by guessing Discrimination Index - Answers - Comparing the performance of two subgroups of test takers. The two groups together can present the entire set of the test takers, which is only a portion of the total group
Myers Brigs Type Theory (4 Bipolar Dimensions)-measures general personality - Answers - Extrovert-introvert Sensing-Intuition Thinking-feeling Judging-Perceiving Roe's Personality Development - Answers - predicting occupational selection based on the psychological needs that develop from interaction between children and their parents Planned Happenstance (Mitchell) - Answers - help clients recognize and incorporate chance events into their lives Krumboltz Social Learning Theory - Answers - Genetic Endowment, environmental conditions, learning experiences and task-approach skills can influence career decisions Social Cognitive Theory - Answers - self efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals Gottfredson's Theory of Career Development - Answers - a life stage theory of career development that emphasizes the important part of gender roles and prestige play in making choices Attachment Theory - Answers - understanding secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant patterns in useful in working with career choice and career adjustment. Status Attainment Theory - Answers - emphasizes the importance of parental and aspirational variables in occupational attainment Human Capitol Theory - Answers - views individuals as investing themselves, their education, training to increase their lifetime earning. Gestalt Theory - Answers - Fritz Perls-people are wholes and not parts and are seeking to find completeness. Techniques: empty chair Reality Theory - Answers - Glasser-people can develop their own identity and decide for themselves. What has happened in the past isn't important. Techniques: teaching and emphasizing responsibility, planning Person-Centered - Answers - Carl Rogers-people have potential to move in natural positive directions. Techniques: unconditional positive regard Psychoanalytic - Answers - Freud and Erikson- humankind is impelled by unconscious forces from the past. Techniques: free association, analysis of transference and resistance
Adlerian Theory - Answers - Adler-social psychology, humans influenced more by social than biological forces. Focuses on the conscious NOT the unconscious. Existential - Answers - Frankl and Yalom-human task is to find meaning and direction. Emphasis is on the client's view of the world. Transactional Analysis - Answers - people can decide for themselves, change and take charge of their lives. Therapists are often aware of the past history and uses script analysis for "here and now" understanding Humanistic - Answers - Maslow and May-hierarcy of needs. Techniques are secondary to the therapeutic relationship. REBT - Answers - Ellis-assumes that individuals are born with the potential for rational thinking, but tend to fall victim to uncritical acceptance of irrational beliefs. "musts", "shoulds" and "oughts" Cognitive - Answers - Beck- cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act. Looks to change the way we think and restructure thoughts to change the way we behave. Intermittent reinforcement - Answers - is given only part of the times the animal gives the desired response Extinction - Answers - when previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the result is a decrease in the frequency of a behavior in the future Shaping - Answers - involves reinforcing successive, increasingly accurate approximations of a response desired by a trainer Analysis of transference - Answers - allows client to achieve here and now insight into the influence of their past on their present functioning counter transference - Answers - when the therapist inappropriately projects unresolved conflicts or feelings from their past onto their clients assertive training - Answers - set of techniques that involves behavioral rehearsal, coaching and learning more effective social skills unfinished business - Answers - unexpressed feelings resistance - Answers - a defense against anxiety, the client is reluctant to bring awareness of threatening unconscious
zi ran - Answers - natural, spontaneous, flexible Xin Zhai - Answers - a way of removing restrictive thoughts, preconceptions, dogmatic beliefs and judgments, and the individual's self-identification with them Zuo Wang - Answers - sitting in forgetfulness Daoism and stress management - Answers - is based on the solution of resolving the issue of chronic stress Buddhism and stress management - Answers - chronic stress of dukkha is the fundamental problem. The cause of perceived threats is ignorance and craving Confucianism and stress management - Answers - teach people how to live relative to establishing a harmonious and stable society. Focus was on interrelationships between people and benefit of society as a whole Psychoneuroimmunology - Answers - is the study of the interrelationship of 3 body-mind systems that serve as communication networks in the maintenance of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems Four types of exercise - Answers - stretching, aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular What is the cause of insomnia? - Answers - stress Time management (CPSM) - Answers - Clarifying Prioritizing Setting Meeting goals Aerobic exercise - Answers - enhances learning Time management is...? - Answers - self management Why is cognitive restructuring important? - Answers - get rid of threats in mind Relaxation Response - Answers - Herbert Benson: brings body back into harmony and balance; opposite of fight-or-flight response Why is it important to smile and have good posture? - Answers - lets clients know that they are in control of their own body Goals, Action Plans, timelines - Answers - while goal give you direction, action plans and timelines indicate how and when you will reach your goals
Spirituality and stress management - Answers - Spirituality appears to have positive effects on both physical and psychological health Jon-Kabat-Zinn - Answers - molecular biologist, focus of stress management program is based on mindfulness Authoritative Parents - Answers - high warmth, high control; set clear limits enforce rules but listen to concerns, more guidance Authoritarian Parents - Answers - low warmth, high control; seem cold and controlling Permissive Parents - Answers - high warmth, low control; warm and nurturing but fe rules and consequences Rejecting/Neglecting Parents - Answers - low warmth, low control; don't seem to care at all Insanity vs. Schizophrenia - Answers - Insanity-legal term defined by legislators, not clinicians Malpractice - Answers - "bad practice" Counseling Groups - Answers - specific focus, educational, vocational Group Psychotherapy - Answers - focuses on treatment and remediation Psychoeducational Groups - Answers - help people learn specific skills, understand themes, or go through life transitions Task Groups - Answers - designed to assist task forces, committees, planning groups Self-help group - Answers - allows people with a common problem a support system that protects from stress Stages of Group Development (PITWFP) - Answers - Pregroup-prescreen members Initial-establish ground rules, define goals Transition-teach members to deal with conflict Working-look for common themes Final-Reinforce changes, apply new skills Post-follow up, individual sessions Super's Life Stages (EEMDR) - Answers - Exploration-clarify wants Establishment-meeting job requirements Maintenance-keeping job Disengagement-slowing down work responsibilities Recycling-reentering any stage at any time
Validity - Answers - measuring what its suppose to Reliability - Answers - Consistency The highest possible correlation is..? - Answers - + Negative Correlation - Answers - does not imply strength Spurious relationship - Answers - x and y can be caused by some third variable z Standard Deviation - Answers - average deviation from the mean
