Multi-store Model of Memory
Criteria B
●Memory is a cognitive process used to encode, store and retrieve information.
●There are two types of memory: declarative and procedural.
●Declarative memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled
(such as facts and people).
○Episodic memory: the memory of autobiographical events that occurred
at a particular time and place.
○Semantic memory: general knowledge of facts and people including
concepts and schemas.
●Procedural memory refers to the unconscious memory of skills and how to do
things.
●Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed the Multi-store Model (MSM) of
memory.
●There are three components of MSM: sensory memory, short-term memory
and long-term memory.
●Each component is characterised by duration and capacity. In order for
information to move to the next memory store, certain conditions have to be
met.
●Sensory memory does not process information but holds it until it is either
passed to short-term memory or lost. Attention is required for this information
to pass to the short-term memory story.
●The short-term memory (STM) store holds information for about 6-12 seconds
unless it is rehearsed. If information is rehearsed, it moves onto long-term
(LTM) memory.
