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Mendelian Genetics Study Guide: Genotypes, Alleles, and Mendel's Laws, Study notes of Genetics

Thierry Graduate School of LeadershipGenetics

This study guide covers the concepts of genotypes, alleles, and mendel's laws of inheritance. It includes definitions, review videos, and exercises on matching terms with their correct definitions and completing punnett squares. The guide also covers monohybrids and dihybrids, as well as non-mendelian genetics and karyotypes.

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Name: Date: Pd.
Unit 7 – Study Guide
LT 7.1: Genes and Alleles
Review Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mehz7tCxjSE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv3Kj0UjiLE
Directions – Match each term with the correct definition.
1. Genotype
A. An alternative version of a gene, represented with ONE
letter.
2. Gene
B. A piece of DNA that codes for a specific trait or
characteristic.
3. Homozygous
C. Form of an allele whose trait always shows up if it is present
4. Heterozygous
D. Form of an allele whose trait shows up only when the
dominant allele is not present
5. Allele
E. Genetic makeup of the organism; represented by the set of
alleles an organism has for a trait.
6. Phenotype
F. The observable traits of an organism.
7. Dominant
G. An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular
trait.
8. Recessive
H. An organism that has two different alleles for a particular
trait.
LT 7.2: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Review Videos:
Law of Dominance - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3CmT3Wmt3g
Law of Segregation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtX_-hgNMPk
Law of Independent Assortment -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0FRqrg1AMs
Directions –
1. Who is Gregor Mendel?
2. How was his research different from early research in this field?
3. What organism did Mendel use to study genetics? List three reasons why this
organism was a good test subject.
4. Match each of Mendel’s Laws with the correct description.
______
1. Plant height and flower color are
inherited separately, these traits are not
linked.
A. Law of Dominance
______
2. Black fur masks yellow fur
B. Law of Segregation
______
3. In a somatic cell there are two alleles,
but in gametes there is only one allele
for a given trait
C. Law of Independent
Assortment
pf3
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Name: Date: Pd.

Unit 7 – Study Guide

LT 7.1: Genes and Alleles Review Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mehz7tCxjSE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv3Kj0UjiLE Directions – Match each term with the correct definition.

  1. Genotype A.^ An alternative version of a gene, represented with ONE letter.
  2. Gene B.^ A piece of DNA that codes for a specific trait or characteristic.
  3. Homozygous C. Form of an allele whose trait always shows up if it is present
  4. Heterozygous D. Form of an allele whose trait shows up only when the dominant allele is not present
  5. Allele E.^ Genetic makeup of the^ organism; represented by the set of alleles an organism has for a trait.
  6. Phenotype F. The observable traits of an organism.
  7. Dominant G.^ An organism that has two^ identical^ alleles for a particular trait.
  8. Recessive H.^ An organism that has two^ different^ alleles for^ a particular trait. LT 7.2: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance Review Videos: Law of Dominance - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3CmT3Wmt3g Law of Segregation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtX_-hgNMPk Law of Independent Assortment - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0FRqrg1AMs Directions – 1. Who is Gregor Mendel? 2. How was his research different from early research in this field? 3. What organism did Mendel use to study genetics? List three reasons why this organism was a good test subject. 4. Match each of Mendel’s Laws with the correct description. ______ 1. Plant height and flower color are inherited separately, these traits are not linked. A. Law of Dominance ______ 2. Black fur masks yellow fur B. Law of Segregation ______ 3. In a somatic cell there are two alleles, but in gametes there is only one allele for a given trait C. Law of Independent Assortment

LT 7.3a: Simple Mendelian Genetics – Monohybrids Review Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-0rSv6oxSY&t=1s

  1. In humans, brown hair is dominant to blond hair. Cross a heterozygous individuals with a blonde haired individual. A. What do each of the alleles represent? B – ________________________ b – _______________________ B. What are the parental genotypes? ___________ x __________ C. Complete the Punnett square D. What are the genotypic ratios? ____/4 = BB ____/4 = Bb ____/4 = bb E. What are the phenotypic ratios? ____/4 are brown haired ____/4 are blonde haired
  2. In rabbits, cotton tail is dominant to Bobtail. Cross two heterozygous cotton tailed rabbits. A. What do each of the alleles represent? T - _____________________ t - _____________________ B. What are the parental genotypes? ___________ x __________ C. Complete the Punnett square D. What are the genotypic ratios? E. What are the phenotypic ratios? LT 7.3b: Simple Mendelian Genetics – Dihybrids Review Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIGXTJLrLf8&t=43s In rabbits, cottontail (T) is dominant to bobtail (t) and floppy ears (F) are dominant to straight (f) ears.
    1. What do each of the alleles represent? T - t - ________________________ F - __________________________ w - ________________________
    2. Cross a homozygous cottontail, heterozygous floppy ear bunny with a bobtail, straight ear bunny. What are the parental genotypes? _____________ x _____________
    3. Cross two bunnies who are heterozygous for both traits. What are the parental genotypes? _____________ x _____________
    4. Cross a bobtail, heterozygous floppy ear bunny with a homozygous cottontail, homozygous floppy ear bunny. What are the parental genotypes? _____________ x _____________
    5. Below is a dihybrid cross Punnett Square. Write the letter of the correct phenotype in each box of the Punnett Square. A (^)  Cottontail, Floppy ear B  Cottontail, Straight ear C ^ Bobtail, Floppy ear D ^ Bobtail, Straight ear TF TF Tf Tf t f TtFf TtFf Ttff Ttff t f TtFf TtFf Ttff Ttff t f TtFf TtFf Ttff Ttff t f TtFf TtFf Ttff Ttff
    6. What is the phenotypic ratio for question 5.

LT 7.5: Karyotypes Review Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNMYV213xu

  1. A zygote with only one copy of a chromosome is said to have a (trisomy|| monosomy). 2. A zygote with three copies of a chromosome is said to have a (trisomy|| monosomy).
  2. Use the karyotype above to answer the questions that follow. A. How many autosomes are present? __________ B. How many sex chromosomes are present? __________ C. How many total chromosomes are present? __________ D. Is this karyotype of a male or female? _______________ E. Does the genetic disorder affect an autosomal chromosome or the sex chromosomes? _____________________________________ F. What is the genetic disorder? (Down’s Syndrome|| Turner’s Syndrome|| Klinefelter’s Syndrome) 4. Which genetic disorder is also known as trisomy 21? (Down’s Syndrome|| Turner’s Syndrome|| Klinefelter’s Syndrome) 5. Which genetic disorder is a trisomy of the sex chromosomes resulting in XXY? (Down’s Syndrome|| Turner’s Syndrome|| Klinefelter’s Syndrome) 6. Which genetic disorder is al monosomy of the sex chromosomes resulting in XO? (Down’s Syndrome|| Turner’s Syndrome|| Klinefelter’s Syndrome) LT 7.6: Pedigrees Review video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gd09V2AkZv 1. In the pedigree above, label each of the following: a. One female b. One male c. One affected/diseased individual d. One unaffected/non-diseased individual e. One marriage relationship f. One sibling relationship 2. Use the letter “A” to assign a genotype to each individual in the pedigree above.