Naming Acids: A Comprehensive Guide for High School Chemistry, Lecture notes of Chemistry

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NAMING ACIDS

Acids

 Acids are special molecules that when dissolved in water will produce an H +^ ion as it breaks apart. For example, HCl dissolves in water to form H +^ and Cl-^ ions. This makes HCl an acid when dissolved in water, otherwise as a gas it is just hydrogen chloride.

Binary Acids

 Binary acids contain hydrogen and only one other element, however there may be more than one of the hydrogen. It is still going to be necessary to balance out the negative charges of the nonmetal with enough hydrogens to form a neutral (zero charge) compound. Thus the criss-cross method will still be used.

Naming an Acid

 There is a special form that is used to name a binary acid: “Hydro_________ic Acid”

 All acids will end with the word “Acid”. The blank in the above form is filled in with the root of the element that the hydrogen is bonded to. All the possible roots are:

Bromine = brom Iodine = iod Selenium = selen Chlorine = chlor Nitrogen = nitr Sulfur = sulfur Fluorine = fluor Phosphorus = phosphor

Oxyacids

 Oxyacids must have hydrogen to be considered an acid, and must have oxygen to be considered an oxyacid, and there still must be a third element present to hold it all together. Thus an oxyacid has three elements. Basically this makes oxyacids look like polyatomic ions bonded to hydrogens. Also, for the purposes of naming the acid the name of the polyatomic ion is needed, so use the list on the Bonding Cheat Sheet for the following practice.

Naming Oxyacids

 If you group all the polyatomic ions of chlorine and oxygen from the Bonding Cheat Sheet, a pattern will form:

ClO -^ Hypochlorite ClO 2 -^ Chlorite ClO 3 -^ Chlorate ClO 4 -^ Perchlorate

 Like with the binary acids, oxyacids need enough hydrogens to balance out the charge on the polyatomic ion part. Thus once again it is necessary to criss-cross to form the compounds.

Naming Oxyacids

 When naming oxyacids a name change is necessary. The hydrogen is not mentioned because it obviously needs to be there for the molecule to be an acid. If the polyatomic ion ends in “ite”, then those letters are changed to “ous” for the name of the oxyacid.  Chemistry, it was alright (ite) for us (ous)  Or, I took a bite and it was delicous (Write this down)

So…

 The pneumonic is a reminder that “ate” turns to “ic”, and then by default “ite” turns to “ous”. Once the name has been changed, the word “acid” is still added to the end.

Examples

 HC 2 H 3 O 2

As a solid: Hydrogen Acetate

As an acid: Acetic Acid

 HNO 2 As a solid: Hydrogen Nitrite As an acid: Nitrous Acid

 So “ate” get replaced with “ic” and “ite” gets replaced with “ous”, the hydrogen does not get named, and the word “acid” is added.