Naming Binary Covalent Compoundss, Lecture notes of Chemistry

Download Naming Binary Covalent Compoundss and more Lecture notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Naming Binary Covalent

Compounds

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,

lose, or share electrons.

Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond

Nonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.

This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals shared electrons

Decide whether the compounds are ionic or covalent. I

C C

C

I

I

Important Facts: Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron, it behaves differently than any other element on the periodic table of elements. Hydrogen can donate its 1 electron. H

Hydrogen can gain 1 electron. H

Hydrogen can share electrons. This means that hydrogen can act as either a metal or a nonmetal! H 2

There are millions of covalent compounds. These can be classified into many different types of compounds. Each type of compound has a different set of rules for naming. You will be learning about the easiest type of covalent compound to name:

What does binary mean? Binary means 2.

Binary covalent compounds are

between 2 different nonmetals.

Binary Covalent Compounds

Nonmetals can share electrons in many different ways. This means that two nonmetals can create multiple compounds together.

CO

2

CO

Each of these contains a different ratio of elements. Because of this, we have to make sure that the name of the compound explains the correct ratio. carbon and oxygen

PCl

5

PCl

3 phosphorous and chlorine

N

2

O

3

N

2

O

4 nitrogen and oxygen

Steps for Naming

Binary Covalent Compounds

N

2

O

4 Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal. Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide. Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present.

dinitrogen nitrogen tetroxideoxide

Rules for Using Prefixes Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT compounds. Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1. Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Example: CO 2 is carbon dioxide, and not monocarbon dioxide. Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and not carbon monooxide.

Name the binary covalent compounds.

carbon dioxide

carbon disulfide

phosphorous tribromide

phosphorous pentabromide

diphosphorous pentasulfide

dinitrogen monosulfide

silicon disulfide

nitrogen tribromide

dinitrogen tetrachloride

Because of the prefixes, it is very

easy to go from the name of a binary

covalent compound to its formula.

dinitrogen tetrafluoride

Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix. Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

N

2

F

4

Naming Ionic and Covalent

Compounds Review

Chemical reactions occur when atoms

gain, lose, or share electrons.

This is what creates compounds!

Metals ________________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Positive ions are called ___________.

lose / donate

Nonmetals _____________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Negative ions are called ___________.

gain / accept

_

cations

anions

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds

MgCl

2 Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion. Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.

YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.

magnesium chloride

Remember that we change the name of nonmetal ions to –ide.

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,

lose, or share electrons.

Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond

Nonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.

This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals shared electrons