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NCE - Research and Program Evaluation
(Practice Questions)
Case studies, focus groups, and research observation are all examples of what kind of data collection methods? A) Qualitative data collection methods B) Quantitative datâtes collection methods C) Purposive sampling D) Systematic random sampling - correct answer A) Qualitative data collection methods Quasi-experimental research methods follow most processes associated with experimental research methods except for ______; therefore, any results obtained usually connote be _______. A) Data synthesis; analyzed B) Trial and error practices; used C) Randomization; generalized D) Clinical trial studies; medical - correct answer C) Randomization; generalized Which visual representation is most often used to present bivariate tabular analyses? A) Parabola B) Pie chart C) Cross-sectional 2x2 table D) XY graph - correct answer D) XY graph Which of the following is true given the advent of technology in the counseling field? A) Technology has advanced the counseling field because it eliminates geographical barriers and can be less tedious to document cases. B) Technology has devastated the counseling field by making counseling sessions more robotic and by lacking the personal touch of an in-person session.
C) Currently, there is not sufficient evidence as to whether or not technology is advantageous or disadvantageous to the counseling field. D) Technology is seen as a necessity to the counseling field, as it allows easier access to clients. - correct answer C) Currently, there is not sufficient evidence as to whether or not technology is advantageous or disadvantageous to the counseling field. A study is considered to have strong external validity if the researcher can replicate and generalize its findings across multiple instances of what three factors? A) Population, time, and environment B) Gender, age, and height C) Animal studies, human studies, and nonliving object studies D) Infant years, adolescent years, and adult years - correct answer A) Population, time, and environment Bill is conducting a research study on workplace views of maternity leave in a specific industry. His funding source requires that at least 60 percent of his sample set be women. The industry that he's studying consists of 32 percent women, and he has to search a little harder to find enough female participants. This is an example of what type of sampling? A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C) Ad hoc sampling D) Systematic random sampling - correct answer C) Ad hoc sampling Tina is conducting a research study about underage drinking habits on college campuses on football game days, As she's scoring her collected data, she notices the test group is primarily made up of freshman students and the control group is primarily made up of sophomore students. What does Tina realize about this distinction? A) It's to be expected B) It may confound her results C) It won't make a difference if she runs enough ANOVA tests D) It should be tabulated in a chi-square cross-section - correct answer B) It may confound her results
D) 90 percent - correct answer A) 28 percent Joana is interested in the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of working fathers toward the quality and affordability of childcare. She books a conference room in her office, invites fifteen fathers working in her building to attend a two-hour session, and presents them with a series of questions to discuss with each other. They can also direct any questions and comments about the topic to Joanna. She mainly documents the conversation but, if there's a lull in the conversation, she joins in to facilitate the discussion. This is an example of conducting which of the following? A) Case study B) Survey C) Focus group D) Observation - correct answer C) Focus group One fundamental difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling is that probability sampling uses _____ while non-probability sampling does not. A) Convenience B) Randomization C) Volunteerism D) Referral - correct answer B) Randomization The correlation coefficient value falls between which values? A) Zero and 100 B) -5 and 5 C) Zero and 1 D) -1 and 1 - correct answer D) -1 and 1 A researcher is grouping participants into sample sets by gender. In this instance, gender is an example of what type of measure? A) Interval B) Nominal
C) Ordinal D) Ratio - correct answer B) Nominal Joe is doing a research study on the effects alcohol consumption has on long-term mood. His control sample self-reports not drinking any alcohol. His test sample self- reports drinking at least one glass of wine every night. He collects self-reported data on each group's mood for sixty days. Both data sets have normal distribution and low standard deviation. Joe now wants to test the statistical significant of the difference in mood between the control group and the test group. Which test should Joe conduct? A) T-test B) Chi-square C) ANOVA test D) Post hoc test - correct answer A) T-test The acronym ERIC stands for what? A) Electronic Research Institute Collaboration B) Education Resources Information Center C) Education Research Information Center D) Electronic Research Incorporated - correct answer B) Education Resources Information Center Who funds ERIC? A) A committee of university's and colleges from across the United States B) Google C) The United States Department of Education D) The United States Congress - correct answer C) The United States Department of Education Which of the following is a popular statistical software program? A) SPSS B) SAS C) Minitab
C) An institutional review board D) A participant from the sample group - correct answer C) An institutional review board It is good practice and standard convention to submit final manuscripts for scholarly publication to how many journal(s) or publisher(s)? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four - correct answer A) One A type 1 error ________ a ________ null hypothesis. A) Rejects; true B) Rejects; false C) Fails to reject; true D) Fails to reject; false - correct answer A) Rejects; true A researcher is analyzing trends in insurance reimbursement for counseling costs from 1990 to 2010. The changes in reimbursement are an example of what type of measure? A) Interval B) Nominal C) Ordinal D) Ratio - correct answer D) Ratio A school counselor is interested in determining whether seniors who have jobs receive lower grades and national test scores than this who do not work. Let's assume that in May of the school year he finds that approximately 250 seniors worked this past school year and 250 did not. He compares their GPA, class rank information, and ACT scores. If all these indicators were lower for the seniors who worked , the counselor would be tempted to say that having a job causes the lower indicators. He may be wrong to say that because this study is: A) a post hoc investigation
B) an experiment C) a survey D) a descriptive study - correct answer A) a post hoc investigation A counselor educator at a large university studied different counseling modalities for students who came to the counseling center with relationship/self-esteem problems. There was a waiting list to accommodate all the students. The researcher was curious if men or women gained self-esteem differentially whether they were seen in individual counseling, group counseling, or small psychoeducational class (18 to 20 students). There was also a possibility of an interaction between gender and the kind of service they received. The appropriate statistical technique to use in this situation was: A) one-way analysis of variance B) factorial analysis of variance C) t-test D) multivariate analysis of variance - correct answer B) factorial analysis of variance A doctoral student is curious about how bilingual kindergarten children interact verbally with monolingual children of a different racial group. She decides to study this for her doctoral research. A research method which may be most appropriate to consider is: A) ethnographic B) experimental C) analogue D) survey - correct answer A) ethnographic A high school career counselor had 24 seniors sign up for a three-session job seeking skills workshop. He randomly assigned 12 students to the job seeking group and 12 to a control group. The counselor developed some new materials and techniques to be used by the 'experimental' group. In designing this study, the counselor was also concerned about: A) providing a placebo experience to the control group B) the Hawthorne effect C) confidentiality
said "Important Message from Student Services" and asked for acknowledgment of receipt. The number of hours it took the students to respond during the next seven days was measured for each of the four samples. Student Services was attempting to determine how effective e-mailing information to students might be. An appropriate statistical analysis of the differences between the four classes was: A) one-way analysis of variance B) t-test for groups C) multivariate analysis of variance D) analysis of covariance - correct answer There are three truck driving schools in the metropolitan area. Each one provides instruction in a slightly different way using a different curriculum. Because of the high demand for trained truck drivers, it is in the state's interest that the dropout rate for the truck driving schools be reduced. A state accrediting agency plans to examine the effectiveness of the three curricula used to training drivers. The dependent variable in this investigation is: A) the methods of instruction B) the instructors used C) the dropout rate D) the sample size - correct answer C) the dropout rate The developers of many psychological tests assume that the traits they are measuring can be parceled out in equal amounts up and down the scale, i.e., the numbers representing the variable have the same quantity. This is an example of __________ measurement. A) ordinal B) nominal C) ratio D) interval - correct answer D) interval Employing a mixed-method research design means: A) doing a meta-analysis B) using evidence-based inquiry C) combining quantitative and qualitative methods
D) doing an experiment - correct answer C) combining quantitative and qualitative methods Antonio is finishing a master's degree in counseling and must complete a thesis. He decides to investigate the differences in social skills between homeless veterans and a sample of veterans who are not homeless. As he gets to the point of data collection, he realizes that he will be limited to assessing only this veterans of each group who volunteer to participate. Because of that, when it comes time for data analysis, Antonio will probably have to use: A) regression statistics B) nonparametric statistics C) parametric statistics D) factor analysis - correct answer B) nonparametric statistics A counselor has set up an elaborate experimental study which includes gathering pretest and posttest data. However, she is concerned that the pretest itself might influence or interact with the experimental treatment. To deal with this contingency, she decided to use: A) a chi-square design B) multiple regression C) Duncan's multiple range test D) Solomon four-group design - correct answer D) Solomon four-group design Jefferson High School implemented a School-to-Work program which is now in its fourth year. As a condition for continued funding, the school must submit an evaluation as to the program's impact and whether the program's goals and objectives have been met. This is an example of: A) experimental research B) formative evaluation C) parametric research D) summative evaluation - correct answer D) summative evaluation A researcher designs an experimental study on a college campus which focuses on sexual harassment and date rape. An experimental and a control group of 50 freshmen were randomly selected. The experimental group spent one hour for each
There are a number of confounding variable which threaten the internal and external validity of an experiment. Which of the following is a threat to just on kind of validity? A) Instrumentation B) Ecological validity C) Selection of subjects D) Experimenter bias - correct answer B) Ecological validity To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship in research, an experiment must be conducted. A 'true experiment' must have all fo the following EXCEPT: A) random assignment of subjects B) sample sizes of at last 50 C) experimental group D) control group - correct answer B) sample sizes of at last 50
