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NCE - Counseling and Helping
Relationships (Practice Questions)
Symptoms of professional burnout consist of fatigue, headache, insomnia, depression, anxiety, or boredom, among others. When does burnout in counselors and help professionals occur? A) When countertransference is not managed. B) When counselors become desensitized to client issues C) When counselors are overworked D) When clients regularly cancel or don't show. - correct answer C) When counselors are overworked. Robert Carkhuff wrote Toward Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy, a book wherein he discovered that therapeutic interventions did not always have a long- term positive impact on clients. Carkhuff also created a five-point empathy scale, designed to measure what? A) Counselor's ability to accurately reflect B) Effectiveness of counselor C) Defensiveness of counselor D) Adequate structuring of sessions - correct answer B) Effectiveness of counselor Reflection is a practice where counselors acknowledge the meaning behind a client's words. Why do counselors use reflection in sessions? A) To help the clients understand underlying emotions B) To provide advice C) To set goals for sessions D) To allow for silence - correct answer A) To help the client understand underlying emotions Carl Rogers believed three core conditions must exist for effective counseling. What are those conditions?
A) Trust, empathy, and kindness B) Empathy, positive regard, and kindness C) Genuineness, trust, and congruence D) Empathy, positive regard, and congruence - correct answer D) Empathy, positive regard, and congruence Positive interactions help develop the therapeutic relationship and encourage clients to meet their goals. What are the four stages of a positive interaction in counseling? A) Exploration, consolidation, planning, and termination B) Initiation, clarification, structure, and relationship C) Initiation, consolidation, planning, and termination D) Exploration, clarification, planning, and relationship - correct answer A) Exploration, consolidation, planning, and termination Relationship building is the beginning process of the client-counselor relationship. What are the phases of relationship building? A) Introduction, goal setting, resistance and change B) Initiation, clarification, structure, and relationship C) Exploration, clarification, planning, and termination D) Clarification, consolidation, structure, and relationship - correct answer B) Initiation, clarification, planning, and termination When does negative transference occur? A) When counselors project feelings onto clients. B) When clients project feelings toward another person in the past onto the counselor. C) When multiple roles exist between a therapist and a client. D) When clients become angry or hostile toward counselors - correct answer D) When clients become angry or hostile toward counselors. What are the differences between substantive advice and process advice? A) Substantive is non-directive; process is directive.
C) When it is provided within seven days of the incident D) When it is provided within 24 to 72 hours. - correct answer D) When it is provided within 24 to 72 hours. What are the stages for Kugler-Ross' five-stage model for grief? A) Anger, denial, bargaining, resolution, sadness B) Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance C) Denial, panic, sadness, anger, frustration D) Sadness, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance. - correct answer B) Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance How does instrumental grieving differ from intuitive grieving? A) Instrumental is thinking, intuitive is feeling B) Instrumental is action-oriented; intuitive is passive C) Instrumental is more feminine, intuitive is more masculine D) Instrumental is anger, intuitive is acceptance - correct answer A) Instrumental is thinking, intuitive is feeling. Counselors may feel there are certain situations where it becomes necessary to make referrals for clients to seek other counselors, also known as "referring out." Which of the following is NOT a reason for counselors to refer out? A) Client issues outside of the counselor scope of practice B) Dislike for client C) Client need for specialized service D) Counselor retiring or taking leave from practice - correct answer B) Dislike for client What are SMART goals? A) Specific, meaningful, achievable, realistic, and time-sensitive B) Special, manageable, action-oriented, realistic, and timely C) Specific, measurable, action-oriented, relevant, and time-bound
D) Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound - correct answer D) Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. How does negative reinforcement encourage specific behaviors? A) Removing unwanted stimuli B) Adding desired stimuli C) Punishing clients for unwanted behavior D) Extinction of stimuli - correct answer A) Removing unwanted stimuli Desensitization is a behavior modification technique designed to replace an anxiety- producing stimulus with a relaxation response. Which is NOT one of the stages of desensitization? A) Exposure to the object or action of fear B) Avoidance of the object or action of fear C) Creation of a fear hierarchy D) Learning relaxation techniques - correct answer B) Avoidance of the object or action of fear When does modeling occur in the counseling process? A) When counselors model clients' feelings back to them B) When clients provide counselors with an ideal image of themselves to achieve C) When clients are told how to behave by counselors D) When counselors demonstrate appropriate reactions and behaviors for clients to follow - correct answer D) When counselors demonstrate appropriate reactions and behaviors for clients to follow. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is composed of five levels. Which needs are included in Level 4? A) Cognitive and aesthetic B) Food and shelter C) Safety and order D) Love and belonging - correct answer A) Cognitive and aesthetic
D) awareness of individual differences and caring - correct answer D) awareness of individual differences and caring Client: "I just can't stand the thought of letting him back into the house." Counselor: "Where is he now?" In general, counselor responses may be characterized as additive, interchangeable, or subtractive. This counselor's response would warrant a _____ on a five-point scale measuring empathy. A) 5 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4 - correct answer C) 1 Of various counselor characteristics, which one the following has the most impact upon counseling success? A) Counselor gender B) Counselor race C) Counselor age D) Counselor expertness - correct answer D) Counselor expertness Which of the following statements about consultation is NOT true? A) Consultation uses the same kind of skills as counseling but the context, role, and function are different. B) Since there is no strong theory or model of consultation, an eclectic approach is best C) The consultation may focus on content or process or both. D) The need for consultation may occur in most any agency or business. - correct answer B) Since there is no strong theory or model of consultation, an eclectic approach is best. The counselor determines that the client can more easily discuss painful material as part of a story or vignette. She decides to administer the Thematic Apperception Test to help the the client in this process. This counselor is likely to be practicing from a ______ perspective.
A) Gestalt therapy B) rational-emotive therapy C) client-centered therapy D) psychoanalytic therapy - correct answer D) psychoanalytic therapy Therapeutic interventions such as the 'exception question,' 'miracle question,' and 'scaling questions,' are most typically evident in A) narrative therapy B) solution-focused brief therapy C) reality therapy D) multi-modal therapy - correct answer B) solution-focused brief therapy According to Adler and others, birth order tends to result in unique psychological traits and social development. In counseling, birth order can help explain clients' traits and behaviors. Individuals who are carefree, outgoing, and not rule oriented and those individuals who are early matures., high achievers and never "dethroned" are probably A) secondborns and only children B) firstborns and youngest children C) middle and only children D) secondborns and middle children - correct answer A) secondborns and only children An underlying goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to identify and work through the transference the client experiences. Two therapeutic techniques which may assist in this process are: A) experiential learning and role playing B) goal setting and identifying reinforcers C) free association and hypnosis D) paradoxical intention and thought stopping - correct answer C) free association and hypnosis
D) developed a theory of reciprocal inhibition. - correct answer A) suggested a negative cognitive shift occurred in the individual's thinking. Counselors are expected to share with clients at the initial session information about counseling goals, techniques, counselor qualifications, and counseling limitations. This information is called: A) duty to warn B) release of information C) professional liability statement D) statement of disclosure - correct answer D) statement of disclosure As the middle child in the family, Ingrid felt her older brother always 'got the breaks' from their mother and father. Her younger sister was 'dadd's girl' and could do no wrong as far as he was concerned. In family counseling, Ingrid was asked to sculpt the family. It is likely that she: A) had her four family members hold hands in a circle with her inside B) had a line of family members with her brother between the parents, sister by father and she a few paces from the line. C) had her four family members hold hands in a circle with her standing outside D) had the three children stand together facing mother and father who stood side- by-side - correct answer B) had a line of family members with her brother between the parents, sister by father and she a few paces from the line. An Asian American sophomore in high school was referred to the counselor by teacher. Although her academic work was fine, Minh was usually left out of class activities and social events. The counselor knew that Minh was a first-generation American so early in the counseling session he tried to determine her: A) level of English language facility B) family composition C) level of acculturation D) attitude toward education - correct answer C) level of acculturation In applying the principles of Adlerian family counseling, which of the following is NOT accurate?
A) All children are expected to participate in family counseling. B) The basic counseling goal is to improve parent/child and other relationships in the family. C) Action techniques such as role playing are not used. D) The family constellation is addressed during the initial interview. - correct answer C) Action techniques such as role playing are not used. Counselors with different theoretical orientations view the use of tests in counseling/therapy differently. Psychoanalytically trained therapists tend to use projective techniques. Counselors with which one of the following theoretical orientations are apt to sue test and inventories? A) Adlerian B) Client-oriented C) Trait-factor D) Gestalt - correct answer C) Trait-factor Self-efficacy is a central concept in social learning theory developed by Albert Bandura. This social learning model; has been applied to a variety of activities including the ______ process. A) consultation B) accountability C) play therapy D) leadership - correct answer A) consultation As a family counselor, Jody is very active in the process. Using her own self- awareness and what she experiences, she reflects this back to the family. In addition to her suggestions, she challenges current family ways of thinking and behaving. This family counseling approach is often called A) psychodynamic B) interactional C) experiential D) structural - correct answer C) experiential
D) determine who the psychologist is and obtain permission to contact him or her - correct answer D) determine who the psychologist is and obtain permission to contact him or her Grandma lives with the nuclear family of four with includes two children who are four and seven years old. Grandma is the father's mother and baby-sits the children while the parents work. The parents find the children more and more uncooperative and direspectful, To help them better understand family dynamics and learn parenting skills, the four begin family counseling. Grandma refuses to attend insisting that she was "too old for that nonsense." The family counselor believes subsystems within a family are highly influential. Perhaps the most important family subsystem not in counseling is A) parents and grandma (three adults) B) grandma and the children C) mother's parents D) father and his mother (grandma) - correct answer B) grandma and the children A counseling procedure pairing anxiety-producing stimuli and relaxation exercises is: A) paradoxical intention B) systematic desensitization C) implosive therapy D) confrontation - correct answer B) systematic desensitization In graduate school, Raul found none of the traditional counseling theories to his liking. Based on his undergraduate coursework in philosophy and psychology, Raul developed his own personal theory of helping. In practicum and internship, he found that some processes and techniques from "textbook" theories fit with his theory and were helpful in addressing particular client problems. Raul's theory could accurately be called A) integrative B) client-centered C) eclectic D) individualistic - correct answer A) integrative
A 20-year old African American male was referred to a college counselor by his Resident Advisor. The counselor quickly realized his client was angry at the 'establishment' and felt betrayed by buying into the values of the white majority student body. He had since joined the Black Caucus and enrolled in a Black Studies course. The counselor suspected that in terms of identity development, the client was in the ____ stage. A) resistance and immersion B) integrative awareness C) conforming D) introspection - correct answer A) resistance and immersion Jane is a new mental health counselor with little experience in multicultural counseling. She is uncomfortable with Juanita, a Latina client, who asks her questions about her family and other personal matters. Juanita's behavior is best explained as: A) limited acculturation B) needing to know boundaries and ethics of counseling C) needing to know the counselor as a person D) familism, a strong attachment to her family - correct answer C) needing to know the counselor as a person Of the major counseling theories, some are more conducive to measuring the effectiveness with clients than are others. All may be effective as applied by some counselors with certain clients who have certain problems. In general, however, the two theoretical approaches showing most effectiveness through research are: A) reality and gestalt B) behavioral/cognitive behavioral and rational emotive C) person-centered and behavioral/cognitive behavioral D) Adlerian and rational emotive - correct answer B) behavioral/cognitive behavioral and rational emotive Twelve year old Heather is very close to her mother. After school she cannot wait to share what happened during her day. Her mother enjoys this closeness and considers Heather her "best friend" and takes her on many outings and activities. The father is beginning to resent the time his wife spends with their daughter but is
The feminine therapist views gender as central to the counseling of women. Which of the following is NOT central to feminine therapy? A) Personal issues have societal and political roots. B) Mental illness definitions are reformulated C) The therapist maintains the expert role. D) Oppression is viewed in an integrated fashion including privilege and gender expectations. - correct answer C) The therapist maintains the expert role Murray Bowen is often referred to as the creator of the systems theory of family counseling. He believed studying more than one generation of a family was important. Of the following theoretical concepts, which is NOT associated with Bowen? A) Therapeutic double-bind B) Triangles C) Multigenerational transmission D) Family projection process - correct answer A) Therapeutic double-bind A behavioral counselor is working with a client who complains of anxiety. Together the counselor and the client examine both the antecedents and consequences of the behavior (anxiety). Understanding the nature of operation conditioning, the counselor and client decide to eliminate the unwanted behavior through extinction by: A) aversive counterconditioning B) implosion or flooding C) punishment D) though stopping - correct answer B) implosion or flooding Client: "I don't know if this is doing any good. I still get real anxious when I get to the office." Counselor: "The anxiety is still there when you get to work so you're wondering if this counseling is working." The counselor's response is an example of a(n): A) interpretation
B) reflection C) confrontation D) restatement - correct answer D) restatement Josie is a counselor at a day treatment center. One of her clients is an aggressive seven-year-old boy who is physically active but verbally shy in session. Josie may find that her most effective play therapy technique to stimulate the boy to share is: A) puppets B) sand tray C) competitive board games D) drawing - correct answer C) competitive board games Social modeling, contracting, direct training, and reinforcement are most likely to be counseling strategies based in: A) rational emotive behavior therapy B) existential therapy C) client-centered counseling D) cognitive and behavioral counseling - correct answer D) cognitive and behavioral counseling In his first counseling session, Rudy shares a brief account of his problems with an emphasis on how these problems have influenced his life in the past and continue to do so. Working from a social constructionist point of view, the counselor is likely to use the following techniques: A) deconstruction and reauthoring B) social model and problem solving C) empowering techniques and gender role analysis D) homework assignment and two-chair techniques - correct answer A) deconstruction and reauthoring The therapist who is closely associated with structural family therapy is: A) Framo B) Whitaker
