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NDAEB exam
Periodontal disease - correct answer Infection of the structures that support the teeth (gums and bones) Mercury, silver & tin - correct answer What is amalgam fillings composed of Periodontal disease - correct answer Bone loss in the jaw is an indication of what disease Concept of radiation that states that exposure should be kept "as low as resonably possible" - correct answer What is the ALARA concept Positive - Anode Negative-Cathode - correct answer What is the positive & negavtove electrode in the x-ray tube Film, phosphorous storage plate, digital sencor - correct answer What are examples of inage receptors •To help the dentist see conditions in the mouth not visitble to the eye - correct answer •What is the purpose of dental x-rays ▪bone loss ▪info during dental procedures (ex: root canal therapy) ▪locate abnormalities in the soft & hard tissue ▪evaluate growth & development ▪Identify early dent caries - correct answer •What can a dentist see on an x-ray that he canot see with just his eyes
Film based or digitally produced recording of anatomic structures - correct answer What is an IMAGE (in radiology) With radiation - correct answer How are dental images produced The process of recording images of the teeth & adjacent structure by exposure to x- radiation - correct answer What is dental radiography •tubehead •extension arm •control panel - correct answer What are the main components of an x-ray mashine •it is a metal housing that contains the X-RAY TUBE •it is filled with INSULATING OIL which prevents overheating (by absorbing the heat created by x-ray) •this is where the x-rays are produced •this is where the TRANSFORMER is located. (The transformer alters the voltage) - correct answer Describe the tubehead & it's function •It is an open ended lead-line cylinder that extends from the opening of the metal housing (metal housing=tubehead) - correct answer Describe the PID & it's function •LEAD COLLIMATOR - small metal disc with small opening in the center (it form the size and shape of the x-ray beam as it leaves the tubehead & goes to the PID) •ALIMINUM FILTER - is 0.5mm thick. It filters out the non-penetrating, long- wavelengths - correct answer What are the 2 things in the PID that shape and filter the x-ray beam Shorter -shorter wavelengths are the MOST useful in dentistry! - correct answer The _________ (shorter/longer) the wavelength the GREATER the energy
QUANTITY
•Ampere measures the number of electrons (current flowing though cathode filament) a low ampere ks needed in a detal unit to produce an x-ray - correct answer •What determins the quality & quantity of a dental radiograph Intensity combines the number of xray photons (quantity) and the energy of each photon (quality - correct answer Describe intensity Contrast= differance between shades of white, grey & black. Radiopaque= white areas (ex: amalagam, enamel, dentin, bone) Radiolucent= black areas (ex: cheek tissue) - correct answer Describe contrast, desnity and radiopaque vs. Radiolucent •Sharpeness is how well an image is reproduced •Penumbra - fuzz or blured area around an image - correct answer Describe sharpness and penumbra •magification =the proportional elarment of a dental image •distortion - is the disproportional magnification of a dental image (cause by excessive vertial angulation) (causes elongation or foreshortening) - correct answer Describe magnification vs. Distortion •FOCAL SPOT SIZE (smaller focal spot = better image)
- FILM COMPOSITION (fast speed film results in less sharp images bevause of the larger crystals)
•MOVEMENT if the pateint moves it will distort the image - correct answer Describe factors that effect shapness of a x-ray image •PLASTIC COVERING -protects film from light & moisture •PAPER COVERING protects emulsion the film •FILM -has an emulion and silver haloid crystals that is sensitive to radiation and help produce image -(the bigger the haloid crystals the faster the film. The less radiation is needed) •METAL SHEET -prevents backscatter radiation and reduced patient exposure - correct answer What are the components in a dental film amd their function •use clear disposable bariers on the sensors •they cannot be put in the autoclave and must be disnfected - correct answer What infection control procautions should be taken with digital sensors & Phorphrus plates Mylar Matrix Strip - correct answer to aid in the correct contouring of a class ||| or class |V resotration, the system used in the restoration process is line - correct answer the junction of two walls in a tooth preparation forms a _________ angle placed directly in the perpared tooth - correct answer the restorative material in a class V composite restoration is: pierre fauchard - correct answer who is the father of midern dentistry G.V black - correct answer who was the "grand old man" of dentistry Wilhem Conrad Roetgen - correct answer who discrovered x-rays
vinyl - correct answer the gloves that must be worn when kneading silicone putty for an impression are: the syringe materials is places around the tooth - correct answer in a two step impression technique, before seating the heavy body impression material; immediately after the impression is removed from the mouth - correct answer the final cure of an elastomeric impression material can occure: polysulfide - correct answer the impression material that has a very strong odor and will stain clothing permanantly is faster - correct answer when mixing impression material the warmer the water the _________ (faster/slower) the material will set 30 seconds - correct answer normal-set alginate has a working time of: C. Edmund Kells - correct answer dentist who is credited with the first practical use of radiographd in dentistry kn 1896 is _________ photon - correct answer a minite bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass •indicator light •selector button •exposure button •master switch - correct answer what are the 4 components of the x-ray unit secondary radiation - correct answer refers to x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter •radiopaque - appears white (metal restorations) •radiolucent - appears black (dental pulp) - correct answer radiopaque vs. radiolucent
contrast - correct answer the range of shades of grey between black and white on a radiograph is called the milliampere - correct answer degree of density is controlled by ionization - correct answer can cause disruption in the cellular metabolism and permanantly damage living cells •thyroid gland •lens of the eye •bone marrow •skin - correct answer what parts of the body has the highest radiation sensitivity true - correct answer digital images are electronic signals captured by a sensor (true or false) true - correct answer a special type of film is required to duplicate a radiograph (true/false) true - correct answer duplicating a radiograph DOES NOT require the use of x- radiation (ture/false) on the film before processing - correct answer a latent image is an image ..... faster - correct answer the __________ (faster/slower) the film speed is, the less radiation is needed for each exposure 1987 - correct answer digital radiography has been inndentistry since what year developer - correct answer the solution that forms the radiolicent images on the film is the _________ (fixer/developer/water)
ampere (A) - correct answer is the unit of measurment use to describe fhe number of electrons or current flowing through the cathode filament 2 minutes - correct answer fresh fixer at full stregth should produce a clear film within: ture - correct answer the bitewing film may be positioned in either a verical or horozontal position _____ (true/false) Paralleling technique - correct answer the radiographic technique that produces the least amount of distortion to the image is the ______________ tecknique Horizontal - correct answer incorect _________ (horozontal/vertical) angulation will result in closed contacts on the radiograph bisecting technique - correct answer the technique sometimes reffered to as the "short cone" technique is the: •bisecting technique or •paralleling technique Bisecting technique - correct answer the most appropriate technique to use when exposing a dental x-ray film on a patient with a shallow palate, a short lingual frenum or palatal tori is the: -paralleling technique or -bisecting technique yes - they do still require radiograhs to show alveolar bone height - correct answer does an edentulous patient still require radiographs (yes/no) true - correct answer the extraoral radiograph provides an overall image of the skull and jaw (ture or fallse)
dental carries - correct answer extraoral radiographs are not used to diagnose
CBCT - correct answer what type of imaging system records panoramic images directly onto a computer screen •the bones of the TMJ •the relationship of the jaw point - correct answer TMJ radiograph can be used to observe magnetic resonance imaging - correct answer technique used to obtain cross- section inages without exposing the patient to x-radiation is: gonadal - correct answer prior to exposing a dental radiograph/ image, placement of the llead apron over the patient protects whih ine of the following tissues go know your patient - their needs and medical history - correct answer what is the best way to prevent medical emergancies stress in a persons life and apprehension of going to the dentist - correct answer what is a probable cause of most mefical emergancies in the dental office? shock- hypersensitive reaction to substance, resperstory calaps •bad alregy to peanuts - correct answer anaphylaxis shortness of breath (if they have a astma attack -ask if they have an inhailer) •they will use a bronchodialator - correct answer what is astma cardìo pulmonary resseitation - correct answer what does CPR stand for
▪severe chest pains •pain lasts 3-8 minutes •administer nitroglycerin •the patient could be having having a hear attack •avoide use of epinephrine - correct answer what is angina and how to treat it. Type 2 diabetes •always ask a diabetic person if they have eaten & taken meds before the appointment - correct answer what type of diabetes does NOT need to take insulin •give them pre meds (antibiotics) (they are very prone to infection)
- the bruse easily and bleed easily •their RED BLOOD cell count is reduced - correct answer what do ou do if a patient with lukemia come into the clinic sublingually - correct answer how do you administer nitoglycerin in case of heart attach (angina) supine in dental chair - correct answer during a seizure what position should the patient be positioned in dilate the bronchioles - correct answer the purpose of an ammonia inhalant is to: (it is administed with astma attack) angina pectoris - correct answer episodes of suffocating chest pain that are relieved by the administration of nitroglycerin are characteristics of: anaphylaxis
•note: the administed epinepherine - correct answer a severe allergic reaction is called diabetic ketoacidosis - correct answer a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention is: 65-74 yrs. old - correct answer the age group of the older population that is more demanding of health services •neurologic system disorder - correct answer alzheimers disease root carries - correct answer the dental decay that occurs most commonly in older adults is: blue (oxygen tanks are green) - correct answer nirous oxide tanks are always colour coded as what colour a local anesthetic soloution that polongs the effects of the anesthetic by decreasing the blood flow in the immediate area - correct answer what is a vasoconstrictor 3 to 5 min - correct answer the topical anestetic must remain on the surface of the mucose for how many minutes to be effective sharps container - correct answer when discarding local anestetic the contaminated neddle is discarded in the __________ container it's ability to avaoid injection into a blood vessel - correct answer the aspirating syringe is used most commonly in the administering of local anestesia because of
•after the syringe has been placed in the operators hands
•effect of the anesthetic agent is prolonged by decreasing blood flow to the immediate area of injection •it also decreases bleeding (which is especially important in surgical procedures) - correct answer what is added to anestetic to prolong it's effects Vasoconstrictor- to -anesthetic solution - correct answer what do the ratioes on the anestetic cartiges represent (ex: epinephrine 1:100,000) in the nerve - correct answer for local anesthetic to be affective ehere does it need to be injected? alveolar cancellous bone is porous on the maxilla - correct answer why can you do infiltrations in the maxilla and NOT the mandible
- lumen
- gauge - correct answer •hollow center of the needle through which ghe anestetic flows
- refers to the thickness of the neddle •if they neddle has hit a blood vessle, when the siringe is aspirated their will be a red strip of blood cells will be aspirated into the cartrige. ▪if they hit a blood vessle the dentists needs to pull out the neddle and reposition before anestetic solution. - correct answer why is it important to aspirate before depositig local anestetic no because it causes the infection to spread infection does not allow anesticia to penetrate nerve. - correct answer should a patient with an abcess or infection get anestetic??
contaminination of needle ( such as being contaminated with disineftion solutiob) trauma or bleeding around nerve - correct answer parthesia •Saliva ejector •high volume evacuator (HVE) - correct answer what are the 2 types of oral evacuators •removes liquids from the mouth •NOT powerfull enought to remove solid debris used during: ▪prophylaxis, sealant placement, fluoride treatment ▪controlls saliva under dental dam ▪cementation of crown and bridge prep ▪orthodontic bonding procedurs - correct answer when is the saliva ejector used? •removes saliva, blood, water, debris •retract the tongue cheek away from opperating feild •to reduce bacteria aerosol caused by the high speed handpeice - correct answer what is the use of the HVE •operative suction tips •surgical suction tips - correct answer what are the 2 types of HVE tips •thumb-to-nose grasp •pen grasp - correct answer what are the 2 ways an HVE can be held •cotton roll •dry angle •dental dam - correct answer what are the 3 moisture controll options
- & 2 types of clamps isolated - correct answer name of teeth visable through the dental dam dental dam FRAME - correct answer what item in the dental dam setup stabalizes and streches the dam away from the tooth anchor tooth 》the clamp is placed this tooth - correct answer what is the name given to the tooth that holds the dental dam in place distal to - correct answer the opening of the HVE tip should be positioned ____________ (distal/misial/even) to the occlusal/incisal surface of the tooth when being prepared
- plastic U shaped frame ▪placed under dam ▪radiolucent allows x-rays to be taken with it on •Young frame ▪outside of dame ▪stainless steel •ostby frame ▪plastic frame ▪placed on outside of dam - correct answer 3 types of dental dam frames on the same type of tooth in the opposing arch - correct answer a universal dental sam clamp may be placed
•ONE STEP METHOD
▪dam and clamp are placed at same time •TWO STEP METHOD ▪clamp is places ~ dental dam material is streched over it - correct answer what are the 2 ways or placing/removing dental dam dry mouth - correct answer what is xerostomia curve of arch punched too flat or wide - correct answer bunching on ligual of dam occurs (what is the problem) arch is punched to curved - correct answer folding if the dam on the facial aspect (what is the problem) holes are Too LARGE - correct answer dam does not fit tightly around the tooth (what is the problem) holes are too close - correct answer dam streaches or tear when being placed over the teeth (what is the problem) holes are too far appart - correct answer excess debtal dam materials between the teeth (what is the problem) after the matrix band has been removed - correct answer when doing an occludal amalgam restoration. the final occlusal carving is conpled when? pulpal floor - correct answer structure of the tooth overlying the pulp is known as the: convenience form - correct answer size of the cavity opening that allows the operator access to the tooth preparation is known as the _______ form
