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Nervous system 200level students, Lecture notes of Anatomy

University of IlorinAnatomy

Nervous system 200level students

Typology: Lecture notes

2017/2018

Uploaded on 03/25/2018

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Emmlax ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฌ

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Organization of the Nervous System:
Structural/Anatomical
NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
BRAIN SPINAL CORD
Central Processing Area:
INTEGRATION
CRANIAL
NERVES
SPINAL
NERVES
Conduct Impulses to and from
CNS
09/25/2019 1Anatomy for Pharmacy Students
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Organization of the Nervous System:

Structural/Anatomical

NERVOUS SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD Central Processing Area: INTEGRATION CRANIAL NERVES SPINAL NERVES Conduct Impulses to and from CNS

CNS (^) PNS

Nervous System

The master controlling and communicating

system of the body

  • (^) Functions
    • (^) Sensory input โ€“the stimuli goes to CNS
    • (^) Integration โ€“ interpretation of sensory input
    • (^) Motor output โ€“ response to stimuli coming from CNS

Nervous System

Motor Division: Two Main Parts

  • (^) Motor (efferent) division
    • (^) Somatic motor nervous system (voluntary)- carries impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Conscious control
    • (^) Visceral motor nervous system or Autonomic nervous system (ANS) (involuntary) - carry impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
    • (^) Sympathetic and
    • (^) Parasympathetic
    • (^) Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Microscopic Anatomy of Nerve Tissue

2 cell types in the NS:

  • (^) Neurons โ€“
    • (^) excitable cells
    • (^) transmit electrical impulses
  • (^) Neuroglia (glia: glue )
    • (^) cells that surround and wrap neurons

N e u r o g l i a

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • (^) Astrocytes
    • (^) Most abundant
    • (^) highly branched glial cells
    • (^) Star-shaped appearance
  • (^) Functions :
    • (^) maintain the BBB
    • (^) regulate capillary permeability
    • (^) provide structural framework for the neuron
    • (^) guide migration of young neurons
    • (^) control the exchange of materials between blood vessels and neurons
    • (^) maintain the ion balance around neurons
    • (^) repair damaged neural tissue

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • (^) Oligodendrocytes โ€“
    • (^) have fewer processes
    • (^) they wrap these cytoplasmic processes around neurons to insulate neurons
    • (^) they produce Myelin

Neuroglia of the CNS

Neuroglia of the CNS

Neuroglia of the CNS

  • (^) Ependymal cells โ€“
    • (^) shape differs: squamous to columnar
    • (^) they line central cavities of the brain and spinal column
    • (^) Many are ciliated
      • (^) Circulate cerebrospinal fluid by beating their cilia

Neuroglia of the PNS

  • (^) Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) โ€“
    • (^) Myelin
      • (^) Wraps itself around nerve fibers
      • (^) Insulates the nerve fibers

Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies

located within the ganglia

  • (^) Regulate the environment around the neurons

Schwann Cells, and Satellite Cells