THE NERVOUS SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES, Lecture notes of Anatomy

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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

[SUMMARIZED LECTURE]

DR. BEDA OLABU

SECTION I:

INTRODUCTION TO NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

ANATOMICAL DIVISION  Cranial nerves (12 Pairs)  Spinal nerves (31 Pairs) FUNCTIONAL DIVISION  Afferent [sensory] division  Efferent [motor] division Based on the CNS origin of the peripheral nerves Based on impulse direction (with respect to the CNS)

CELLS OF THE NERVOUS TISSUE Excitable cells Non-excitable cells Largely none-renewing Renewing cells Fewer Outnumber neurons

NEURONS

Functional cells

NEUROGLIAL CELLS

Supporting cells

TYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS

a) Central neuroglia  Astrocytes  Oligodendrocytes  Ependymal cells  Microglia

STRUCTURE OF NEURONS Neurons have three functional domains:

1. Receptive domain
   2. Integration domain
      3. Transmission domain Dr. Beda Olabu: Neuroanatomy lecture series

CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS

Based on number of processes arising from the cell body Multipolar neuron Bipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neuron Dr. Beda Olabu: Neuroanatomy lecture series

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

GRAY AND WHITE MATTER

SECTION II: OVERVIEW OF PARTS OF THE BRAIN AND CRANIAL MENINGES

PARTS AND CONTENTS OF THE CRANIAL

CAVITY

Middle cranial fossa: Temporal lobes Pituitary gland Internal carotid arteries CN II - VI Dr. Beda Olabu: Neuroanatomy lecture series

PARTS AND CONTENTS OF THE CRANIAL

CAVITY

Posterior cranial fossa: Hindbrain Vertebrobasilar system CN VII - XII Dr. Beda Olabu: Neuroanatomy lecture series

MENINGEAL LAYERS AND SPACES

Meningeal spaces:

Epidural (extradural) Subdural Subarachnoid

BASIC PARTS OF THE BRAIN Dr. Beda Olabu: Neuroanatomy lecture series Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem: Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata